1. Climate 

2. The 6 Climate Zones
Moderate
Dry
Continental
Vertical

3. O R B I T R E V O L U T I N

4. Earth’s Major Climate Zones
High
Medium
Low
Low
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Medium
High

5. Factors That Affect Climate
 Latitude
As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. •
 Elevation -Vertical
• The higher the elevation is, the colder the climate.
 Topography
• Topographic features such as mountains play an important role in the amount of precipitation that falls over an area.

6. Factors That Affect Climate
 Bodies of Water
• Lakes and oceans have an important effect on the temperature of an area because the temperature of the water body influences the temperature of the air above it.
Make the air more MILD
 Atmospheric Circulation
• Global winds are another factor that influences climate because they distribute heat and moisture around Earth.

7. Factors That Affect Climate
 Vegetation
• Vegetation can affect both temperature and the precipitation patterns in an area.
Malaysian Rain Forest

8. The Rain Shadow Effect – An area that has a barrier preventing rain from reaching the other side
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9. Climate Data for Two Cities
Flagstaff, AZ
Phoenix, AZ
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10. Along the equator World Climates Tropical Climates
Humid tropical climates are without winters.
Average temperature above 65o
Precipitation can exceed 200 cm per year
Along the equator

11. Congo Basin – 2nd largest rain forest in the world
African Savanna
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Congo Basin – 2nd largest rain forest in the world

12. Moderate/Temperate World Climates Climates with mild winters
Thunderstorms
Have an average temperature in the coldest month that is below 65o but above 27o

13. World Climates Moderate/Temperate
Located on the eastern side of a continent
Characterized by hot, sultry summers and cool winters.
A marine west coast climate - found on windward coasts from latitudes 40o to 65o
Dominated by maritime air masses
Winters are MILD, and summers are cool.
A dry-summer climate located between 30o and 45o latitude.

14. **45th Parallel** The 45th latitude line
Circle of latitude that is 45 degrees north or south of the equator
Continental climate

15. Continental Hot summers Cold Winters Little rainfall
Interior of a continent
Between 45 and 58 degrees latitude
4 Seasons

16. World Climates Dry Climates
 A dry climate is one in which the yearly precipitation is not as great as the potential loss of water by evaporation.

17. World Climates Polar Climates
 Polar climates are those in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is below 20o.

18. Vertical Terrestrial landscape Climate changes based on elevation
Weather affected by elevation
The higher you go, the colder it is

19. Climate Change http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zo7wTOdc_M
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20. Climate Changes Natural Processes That Change Climates
 Volcanic Eruptions
• The presence of volcanic aerosols (ash, dust, and sulfur-based aerosols) in the air increases the amount of solar radiation that is reflected back into space. This causes Earth’s lower atmosphere to cool.
 Ocean Circulation
• Changes in ocean circulation also can result in short-term climate fluctuations.

21. Climate Changes Natural Processes That Change Climates
 Solar Activity
• When the sun is most active, it contains dark blemishes called sunspots.
Correspond with warm periods in Europe and North America.
 Earth Motions
• Geographic changes in Earth’s land and water bodies cause changes in climate.
• Changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit and the tilt of Earth on its axis are other Earth motions that affect global climates.

22. Effect of El Niño http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbNzw1CCKHo
Warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific
Cycle of warm and cold temperatures
El Nino Southern Oscillation ENSO
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23. El Nino……

25. Human Impact on Climate Changes
 The Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse The effect is a natural warming of both Earth’s lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by the atmosphere.

27. Climate Changes Cont….. Global Warming
• An increase in levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, that have warmed up global temperatures

29. Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Emissions
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30. Increases in Greenhouse Gases and Changes in Temperature
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31. What would happen if all the polar ice caps melted?

32. Historic Climate Agreement
December 12, 2015
196 Countries
Goal is to bring down pollution levels so rise in global temperatures is no more than 2 degreed Celsius
Limit emission from CO2, greenhouse gases
Review countries every 5 years to encourage deeper pollution cuts
Obama administration – “Turning point for the world”
Obama forged a deal with China to work to scale back emissions

33. High, Middle, and Low Latitudes Draw this in your geo journal
High Latitude
Arctic Circle
Middle Latitude
Tropic of Cancer
Low Latitudes
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Middle Latitude
Antarctic Circle
High Latitude
Draw this in your geo journal

34. Aral Sea

35. *Tropical
Much of the equatorial belt within the tropical climate zone experiences
Hot and humid weather
Have abundant rainfall.

36. *Temperate
Changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally moderate
Hot summers, cold winters
A lot of rainfall

37. *Polar Lack of warm summers Average temperature less than 10 degrees
Sun shines for long hours in the summer and short hours in the winter

38. *Vertical Climate
A Vertical Climate is the area where the climate changes by altitude

39. *Dry Hot and dry climate Warm all year round
Are extremely hot in the summer
They have very little rainfall.

40. *Continental Climates
Hot summers, cold winters
Little rainfall
Typically the interior of a continent
Four seasons

41. 6 Climates Tropical Dry Termperate/Moderate Polar Continental Vertical

42. Climagraphs

43. Climate Graphs

44. What do the dots and lines mean?
The LINE in a Climagraph is temperature
The BARS in a Climagraph is the precipitation

45. How Are Climate Graphs Used?
Compare the annual temperature
Compare rainfall of places around the world
They are very easy to plot and read

46. Steps to Plotting Climate Graphs
1. Plot on the rainfall as a bar chart, colored blue.
2. Plot on the temperature as a line graph, coloured red.
3. Finish it off by including the following:
- The total rainfall for the year (add all the bars together)
- The temperature range (the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest one).
- The name of the place that the graph is for.

47. Climate graph for Newcastle:

51. Which hemisphere is this
climate graph for?

52. Which hemisphere is this
climate graph for?

53. Food for thought….. Your assignment is….. Due: Thursday, March 16th
Tweets (140 characters) and Hashtags Climate book
Use rubric as a checklist
Due: Thursday, March 16th
Food for thought…..

54. Page 1 – Title of Book – lovely, colorful, and beautiful
*Page 1 – Title of Book – lovely, colorful, and beautiful *Page 2 – FULL definition for climate *Pages to 8 – One climate zone on each page with picture, definition for that zone, tweet (<140 Characters), and hashtag Page 9 - blank *Page 10 -Glue rubric on the back Everything needs to be colored and detailed