1. Chapter-01
A Sample C++ Program

2. // Fig. 1.2: fig1_02.cpp
// A first program in C++
#include <iostream.h>
int main() {
cout << "Welcome to C++!\n";
return 0; // indicate that program ended successfully }

3. C++ Comments Multiline comments:/*
can not be nested. */
Single line comment:
// can be nested in multiline comments. //
Conditional Compile:
#if 0
can be nested.
#endif

4. Multifile C++ Programs
C++ programs often consist of several different files with extensions such as .h and .cpp
related typedef statements, const values, enum type declarations, and similar items are often placed in user-written header files
by using the #include preprocessor directive the contents of these header files are inserted into any program file that uses them
Bazlur Rasheed

5. Inserting Header Files
#include <iostream.h>
#include “school.h”
int main ( )
{ enum SchoolType
{ PRE_SCHOOL,
ELEM_SCHOOL, MIDDLE_SCHOOL,
HIGH_SCHOOL, COLLEGE } ; }
include contents of I/O
stream header file needed to
use the objects cout and cin
Bazlur Rasheed

6. A C++ program is a collection of one or more functions
there must be a function called main( )
execution always begins with the first statement in function main( )
any other functions in your program are subprograms and are not executed until they are called

7. Program With Several Functions
main function
square function
cube function

8. Shortest C++ Program int main ( ) { return 0; } type of returned value
name of function

9. What is in a heading? int main ( ) type of returned value
name of function
says no parameters
int main ( )
Bazlur Rasheed

10. Every C++ function has 2 parts
int main ( ) heading {
body block
return 0; }
Bazlur Rasheed

11. Block (Compound Statement)
a block is a sequence of zero or more statements enclosed by a pair of curly braces { }
SYNTAX {
Statement (optional) ; . }

12. cout << "Welcome to C++!\n";
The entire line is a C++ statement.
Output and input in C++ is accomplished with streams of characters.
When this statement is executed:
the stream of characters Welcome to C++! goes to the standard output stream object cout, which is the screen.
<< is the stream insertion operator.
\n escape sequence means newline

13. Some Escape Sequences \n Newline (Line feed in ASCII)
\t Horizontal tab
\b Backspace
\a Alert (bell or beep)
\\ Backslash
\’ Single quote (apostrophe)
\” Double quote (quotation mark)
\0 Null character (all zero bits)
\ddd Octal equivalent (3 octal digits)
\xddd Hexadecimal equivalent (1 or more
hex digits for integer value of character)
Bazlur Rasheed

14. Output of program
Welcome to C++!

15. return 0;
When this statement is executed:
the value 0 is returned to the operating system,
indicating that the program has terminated successfully.