1. A bit of Computer History
CMPT 165
A bit of Computer History

2. ENIAC (1946) One of the first general-purpose Electronic computers
In one second, could do about 357
multiplications of two 10-digit numbers
(In contrast, in one second my desktop
computer can generate and multiply
3.8 million pairs of 10-digit numbers, so
about 8000 times faster than ENIAC)
Programs were entered by plugging
wires

3. Univac TV Commercial (1954)
Electronic digital computers became quite
popular. Much faster and more accurate
than people for many tedious calculation
tasks (like calculating pay cheques)

4. Brief History of the Internet
USA was interested in a computer network that could survive a nuclear war
De-centralization
In the 1960s, the idea of packet switching was developed
A message sent between computers is divided into smaller chunks called packets
Each packet is “routed” on its own to its destination
The Internet is a packet-switched network
1969: ARPANET was created, a pre-cursor to the modern internet
By 1980 it had a few hundred “nodes”
A number of other networks were also created in the 1960s-80s, that were eventually replaced by the Internet
1st ARPANET Router
By Steve Jurvetson from Menlo Park, USA - derived from File:ARPANET first router.jpg (mildened persective, levels, rebuilt low-right corner), CC BY 2.0,

5. Brief History of the Internet
TCP/IP developed in 1973
This is the basic “protocol”, i.e. way of formatting data, the Internet uses for communication
Allowed different types of networks to be connected
Today is still the underlying communication protocol for the Internet

6. Brief History of the World Wide Web
World Wide Web (WWW)
An extra protocol on top of TCP/IP
Allowed for hyperlinks, images, nicely-rendered text, etc.
Developed around 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee
WWW divides computers into servers and clients (e.g. Chrome, Firefox, …)
Mosaic (Netscape) graphical browser was released in 1993
Non-graphical web browsers exist!

7. The First Website (1990)

8. Mosaic web browser (1993) First graphical web browser
Fun and easy to use
Modern web browsers are essentially refined version of this idea, with more features, newer designs, etc.
By Source, Fair use,

9. Beginnings of Some Well Known Websites
1990: Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
1994: Yahoo!
1994: Amazon.com
1995: Craigslist
1995: EBay
1996: Google
1998: PayPal
2001: Wikipedia
2004: Facebook
2005: Reddit
2005: YouTube
2006: Twitter
2007: Tumblr
2010: Instagram