1. Ewrt 1A Class 2

2. Agenda
Presentation: Four Sentence Types

3. Types of Sentences
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-complex

4. #1: Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one subject and one verb
I like to study grammar.
A simple sentence is also called an independent clause.
An independent clause ends with a period or semicolon.

5. You and Alex need to be quiet.
Simple Sentences
Examples:
Carol’s sweater is red.
You and Alex need to be quiet.
Ms. Bennett did a cartwheel and a backflip.

6. #2: Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences joined by one of the following:
A comma and a coordinating conjunction
I like to study grammar, and I love this class.
A semicolon
I like to study grammar; I love this class.
A semicolon and an adverbial conjunction
I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this class.

7. Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions are used to join together two independent clauses.
Examples:
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So

8. I love you, and you love me.
Compound sentence
Independent clause
I love you, and you love me.
Independent clause
Two independent clauses joined together

9. Semicolons
“If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

10. COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON
Kelsey has benefited from her writing exercises; she has good grammar and punctuation.
Tiffany works in San Francisco; she runs The Duck.
Elaine pays attention in class; she takes copious notes

11. COMPOUND SENTENCE: adverbial conjunctions
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
NEVERTHELESS
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

12. COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Thomas is cool; moreover, he is fashionable .
Luke’s grandmother buys him sweaters; however, he does not wear them.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Independent

13. #3: Complex Sentence
A complex sentence is a simple sentence (independent clause) to which a part of a sentence (dependent clause) has been added.
Because I like to study grammar, I love this class.
I love this class because I like to study grammar.

14. Because you love me, I love you.
Complex sentence
Dependent clause
Because you love me, I love you.
Independent clause
A dependent clause joined to an independent clause. (The dependent clause needs the rest of the sentence for support.)

15. Fragment! Because you love me. Dependent clause
A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not express a completed thought. A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.
Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand alone.

16. A Tip on Punctuation
Since dependent clauses are only part of a sentence, you can never connect them to another sentence with a semicolon. Semicolons are only used between two independent clauses.
I have loved you for years ; although I never admitted it.
I have loved you for years, although I never admitted it.
No! OK

17. Common Subordinating (Dependent) Conjunctions
after
even if
now that
that
where
although
even though
once
though
whereas as if
rather than
unless
wherever
as if
whenever
since
until
whether
because
in order
so that
when
which
before
than
in case
while

18. Complex Sentences When Trey was little, he played with blocks.
Examples:
When Trey was little, he played with blocks.
After class, good students study.
If I pass 1A, I will take 1B.
Use the stairs in case of fire.
Ava stands at the bottom of the cliff while the climber moves up the rock.

19. #4: Compound/Complex Sentence
A compound/complex sentence is the last and most complicated type of sentence.
It contains at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses.

20. Compound complex sentence
Dependent clause
Because we are a family, I love you, and you love me.
2 independent clauses
A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses

21. Compound Complex Sentences
Example:
Laura forgot her friend’s birthday, so she sent her a card when she finally remembered.

22. Every sentence in English fits into one of these four categories,
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound/
complex

23. Think You’ve Got It? 1 independent clause = simple sentence
Don’t’ forget: These can have compound subjects and predicates!
2 independent clauses = compound sentence
1 or more dependent clause + 1 independent clause
= complex sentence
2 or more independent clauses + 1 or more dep. clause
= compound complex sentence

24. Let’s Review…

25. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.

26. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.
SIMPLE:
Subject: “the teacher”
Compound Predicate “walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.”

27. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.

28. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.
COMPLEX
Independent Clause: Juan played football
Subordinate Clause: while (subordinating conjunction) Juanita went shopping.

29. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping.

30. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping.
COMPOUND
Juan played football, yet (coordinating conjunction)
Juanita went shopping.

31. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
After Reggie passed the test, he went to the bar to celebrate!

32. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
After Reggie passed the test, he went to the bar to celebrate!
COMPLEX
After (subordinating conjunction) Reggie passed the test,
he went to the bar to celebrate!

33. CONGRATULATIONS! YOU NOW KNOW EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW
To write anything you want to write
Any way you want to write it
And still get the punctuation right each time!
CONGRATULATIONS!

34. Writing Sentences
Write two of each kind of sentence and post them for homework. Make the sentences relevant to your essay #1 outline.
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-complex

35. The Essay Question Good Luck! May the odds be ever in your favor
Write an essay arguing for the supplies you have chosen to take with you into the wild. Present the issue to readers, and develop an argument for the purpose of confirming, challenging, or changing your readers’ views on which supplies are the most important for survival.

Your final essay should be around 500 words. This will be around four pages, hand written. This, of course, is an estimate. Handwriting varies greatly. Between three and six pages will likely be the norm for this essay.
Good Luck! May the odds be ever in your favor

36. Introduction and Thesis
Focus your presentation of the issue: Your introduction should explain to the reader both the situation you face and why you have limited resources.
Thesis: Compose a thesis that makes your position unambiguous, appropriately qualified, and clearly arguable. (Your thesis will likely be near the end of your introduction).

37. Body Paragraphs
Paragraph one: topic sentence supporting your first item.
Give reasons for your choice and support them with examples, scenarios, or anecdotes. 
Paragraph two: topic sentence supporting your second item.
Give reasons for your choice and support them with examples, scenarios, or anecdotes.
Additional Paragraphs: Repeat using the same or similar strategies

38. Counterargument:
Write a counterargument that addresses why you wouldn’t take the items the other people in your group think are very important. You should address specific tools others in your group chose to take. You may do this in each body paragraph as you argue for your choice, or you may do it as a separate paragraph after you finish arguing for your tools.
For example, you might start by writing, “while some people might prefer a sleeping bag, I found it to be a poor choice compared to the blanket.” Then you can explain why.

39. Conclusion:
If your adventure is over, describe how it ended and how you have recovered, suffered, or benefitted from it. OR
If the adventure is ongoing, consider predicting your future in the wild.
What are you chances of success?
What do you see as your biggest challenge?
How might you fail?

40. HOMEWORK Read: HG through chapter 2.
Post #2: Four sentences—Two of each of the four types you practiced in the slide presentation. Make sure they are relevant to your essay so you can include sentences similar to them in your in-class writing.