1. UNIT B: CELLS AND SYSTEMS

2. 1.0: Living things share certain characteristics and have structures to perform functions

3. Living things:
What do all living things have in common?

4. Characteristics of living things:
Most scientists agree on 6 characteristics of living things (Organisms):
Made of cells
Need energy
Grow and develop
Respond to the environment
Reproduce
Have adaptations of their environment

5. 1. The Cell The cell is the basic unit of life
They are usually microscopic (very tiny!)
All living things have cells (even things that were alive but are now dead like tree bark)

6. 2. Energy: All organisms need energy.
Energy is the ability to make things move or change
Organisms get energy from the environment and different organisms get energy in different ways.
Plants get energy from the sun to make their own food
Animals get energy from hunting and the environment around them
Nutrients are substances that provide the energy and materials that organisms need to grow, develop and reproduce

7. There are many chemical processes that happen within a cell
Some produce energy while some use energy
There must be a balance for an organism to survive
An organism’s Metabolism is the life processes that take place within their cells (the use and production of energy)

8. 3. Responding to the Environment
A Stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism
EG: the heat that you feel when you put your hand too close to fire
A Response is a reaction to a stimulus
EG: pulling your hand away from the heat
WHAT ARE SOME STIMULUS AND RESPONSES?

9. 4. Growth and Development
Growth can be seen in change of size or change in structure
As some organisms grow, they change their body shape and this is called development

10. 5. Reproduction
All living things come from other living things. This process is called reproduction
Reproduction is not necessary for an organism to survive, but it is necessary for the survival for each type of organism.

11. 6. Adaptations
An adaptation is a characteristic that allows an organism to live in its environment
Can you think of some type of adaptations?

12. 1.2 Structure and Form

13. Structure:
Structure is a part of an organism that performs specific tasks
Structures can be body parts or organs:
Eg: heart, nose, stomach, brain, kidney, bones, muscles, skin

14. Function: A purpose or a task
EG: Transporting oxygen, moving your bones, breaking down food, protecting your internal organs.

15. Different Structures for Similar Functions & Variations in Structure
Organisms have developed different structures for doing similar functions
Animals need to move to find food…but all animals move differently! How does a plant move to find food?
Often similar organisms have different variation's in their structures
Birds with different beaks, snakes with different hides.

16. 1.3 Organs and Organ Systems

17. Terms:
Organ: a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Organ system: a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task, such as digestion or breathing.

18. Circulatory System

19. Respiratory System

20. Nervous System

21. Excretory System

22. Skeletal system

23. Muscular System

24. Integumentary System