1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9

2. The Need for Energy (9.1) All organisms need ENERGY
Plants (autotrophs) obtain energy from the sun
Other organisms (heterotrophs) eat plants to get the plant’s stored energy

3. ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate = 1 adenosine molecule, 1 ribose molecule, + 3 phosphate groups
Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates
When the bond breaks, energy is released
Phosphate can be reattached to ‘recharge’ the ATP molecule

4. Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis (9.2)
Photosynthesis = plants use sunlight energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make simple sugars (glucose)
Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Oxygen also gets produced which we take advantage of!!!
Inputs/Reactants
Outputs/Products

5. Chloroplasts & Pigments
Chloroplasts: where photosynthesis takes place (contains chlorophyll)
This means only plants goes through photosynthesis

6. Pigments = compounds that absorb light
Visible Light made up of a range of colors
ROY G BIV
Colors that don’t get absorbed, are reflected, and are what you see

7. Chlorophyll give plants their green color, helps the plant absorb energy from sunlight!!!
Carotenoids pigments in plants that become visible when plants stop producing chlorophyll

8. You need to know how to fill in this diagram!!!
Be able to compare and contrast the “Light Reactions” and the “Calvin Cycle/Light Independent Reactions.”

9. Cellular Respiration (9.3)
Cellular Respiration = mitochondria break down food molecules (glucose) and use oxygen to produce ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
CO2 also get produced as a waste product
Plants use the CO2 to make glucose
Glycolysis = breaking down glucose to use its pieces to make energy, occurs in the cytoplasm
Inputs/Reactants
Outputs/Products

10. Respiration begins in the cytoplasm and ends inside the mitochondria where the ATP is produced

11. Respiration occurs in both plant cells and animal cells

12. Aerobic = requires oxygen
Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP (36 total ATP per molecule of glucose)
Anaerobic = no oxygen required
Fermentation = anaerobic respiration, not as efficient
Lactic Acid Fermentation produces 2 ATP & Lactic Acid
Alcoholic Fermentation produces 2 ATP & CO2