1. of what is now referred to as the United States
Native Peoples
of what is now referred to as the United States

2. Terminology
Always preferable to refer to a Native person by their tribal affiliation
Native American- an indigenous person of the Americas
American Indian
Native (person/peoples)
Indigenous (person/peoples)
Aboriginal (person/peoples)
Indian (person/peoples)

3. Terminology Continued
Indian Territory/Country
Reservation

4. They’ve all vanished though, right?
No.
There are more than 550 Federally recognized Native nations throughout the United States, and dozens more which are without federal recognition
There are approximately 250 diverse indigenous languages spoken today

5. California
Ramona band, Paiute-Shoshone, Cahuilla band of Mission Indians, La Jolla band of Luiseno Mission Indians, Morongo, Karuk, Hoopa Valley Tribe, Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians, Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, Pit River Tribe, Ohlone

6. California Ordeals
The Spanish Mission system, inaugurated by Father Junipero Serra in 1769, and lasting until 1834 when Mexico won independence. This mission system saw the forced incarceration, religious indoctrination and enslavement of California Indians and effectively decimated the indigenous population
300,000 before contact to less than 16,000 by 1900.
UC Berkeley continues to occupy sacred Ohlone land and deny the repatriation of ancestral remains

7. Language Map

8. Language Continued Muskogean: Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek-Seminole
Algonquian: Blackfoot, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Narragansett
Athabaskan: Eyak, Navajo
Siouan: Lakota, Dakota

9. Geographical/Cultural Regions
I.e., California, Great Basin, Great Plains, Plateau, Southwest, Southeast
California: Ohlone, Chumash, Pomo
Great Basin: Paiute, Shoshone
Great Plains: Crow, Comanche, Sioux, Chippewa, Omaha, Ponca
Southeast: Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Seminole
Southwest: Hopi, Dine
Northeast: Iroquois, Ho-Chunk

10. Largest Nations

11. Internal Diversity Mississippi Choctaws; 10,000 members
Farmers; corn, beans, squash, fruit, deer, fish, bear, nuts
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma; forcibly relocated to “Indian Territory” during Trail of Tears in 1830s
Jena Band of Choctaws, in Louisiana
Resisted removal along with Mississippi Choctaws
241 enrollees
Dying reeds, basketmaking

12. Historical Issues Trail of Tears Trail of Broken Treaties AIM
Dawes Roll
Sioux Act