1. Calmodulin

2. Crystallographic structure of Calmodulin (CaM).
Helix loop helix binding domains of CaM
PDB ID 2L7L

3. asp
glu

4. Cytosolic Ca+2 increases
Role of Calmodulin.
Stimulus
Cytosolic Ca+2 increases
Ca+2 binds to CaM and in turns binds to target proteins and activates it
Reference: Michael. P. Walsh., Calmodulin and its roles in skeletal muscle function, 1983,

5. Central linker region
Pdb ID: 2L7L.

6. Blue-calcium ions bound to the active sites.
Grey- alpha helices
Blue-calcium ions bound to
the active sites.
And the ball and stick model
of aspartates and glutamates
which binds to the calcium
ion.
Pdb ID: 2L7L.

7. Oxygen atoms (carboxyl group) of aspartate and glutamate side chain binding to calcium ions.
Pdb ID:2L7L.

8. Methionine residues which are responsible for binding to the target protein.
Pdb id: 2L7L.
Reference: Tao yuan., Hans.J.,Vogel Substitution of methionine residues of calmodulin with the unnatural amino acid analogs ehionine and norleucine:Biochemical and specroscopic studies. Protein Science

9. Calmodulin-dependent enzymes.
Role of Calmodulin.
Calmodulin-dependent enzymes.
Physiological role
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase,
Adenylate cyclase.
Cyclic nucleotide metabolism.
(Ca+2-Mg+2) ATPases.
Myosin light chain kinase.
Ca+2 transport
Smooth muscle contraction and non-muscle motility.
Phosphorylase kinase
Glycogen metabolism.
Reference: Michael. P. Walsh., Calmodulin and its roles in skeletal muscle function, 1983,

10. Target protein myosin light chain kinase activated by the CaM showing the signalling pathway.
Reference: Michael. P. Walsh., Calmodulin and its roles in skeletal muscle function, 1983,

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