1. Volume 82, Issue 5, Pages 884-890 (November 2014)
Fully Endoscopic Interlaminar and Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy: Short-Term Clinical Results of 163 Surgically Treated Patients 
Altay Sencer, Ali Guven Yorukoglu, Mehmet Osman Akcakaya, Yavuz Aras, Aydin Aydoseli, Osman Boyali, Fahir Sencan, Pulat Akin Sabanci, Cengiz Gomleksiz, Murat Imer, Talat Kiris, Kemal Hepgul, Omer Faruk Unal, Nail Izgi, Ali Tuncay Canbolat 
World Neurosurgery 
Volume 82, Issue 5, Pages (November 2014)
DOI: /j.wneu
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Computed tomography image shows calculations for the entry point and entry trajectory for the transforaminal approach to provide safe access to the L2-3 disc level in a fresh cadaver.
Used with permission of Burcu Goker, M.D., from her unpublished neurosurgery thesis.
World Neurosurgery  , DOI: ( /j.wneu )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Surgeon's position and view of the neural foramen from a left lateral transforaminal approach to the L4-5 disc level. The use of continuous irrigation and RF bipolar provides a cleaner view. PLL, posterior longitudinal ligament; RF, radiofrequency.
World Neurosurgery  , DOI: ( /j.wneu )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Endoscopic view of an interlaminar approach to the L3-4 disc level.
World Neurosurgery  , DOI: ( /j.wneu )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
(A) Anteroposterior fluoroscopic view of transforaminal approach to the L4-5 disc level during disc decompression. Usually only an anteroposterior fluoroscopic view is used for the transforaminal approach. (B) Only a lateral fluoroscopic view is used for the interlaminar approach. The position of the micropunch within the L4-5 level via the interlaminar approach is shown.
World Neurosurgery  , DOI: ( /j.wneu )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Bar graph shows the differences between preoperative and postoperative ODI and VAS scores. ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
World Neurosurgery  , DOI: ( /j.wneu )
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions