1. Transitioning to the 2012 IECC The devil is in the details
The International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) designed goal is to improve energy conservation and reduce CO2 emissions.
The devil is in the details
Bring and use a laser.
We want to comb through the code and references is several different perspectives to see the impact of this code moving from the general to the specific.

2. IECC Energy Inspections
IECC code progression
2000 (Chapter 11 of IRC 2000)
2003 IECC ~10% increase in efficiency
2004 (Supplement with revised Residential)
2006 IECC ~15% increase in efficiency
2009 IECC ~15% increase in efficiency
2012 IECC ~15% increase in efficiency
2015 IECC ~30% increase in efficiency

3. Some of you may be old enough to remember the 1973 oil embargo
Some of you may be old enough to remember the 1973 oil embargo. OPEC stopped the flow of oil to the United States to increase the price of oil. The resulting energy shortage cause long gas lines and a spiraling increase in the cost of all energy.
The US government started looking closely at how we use energy in this country so we could improve the efficiency of all our energy use.

4. Averaging Energy uses

5. Northern Climate

6. Mid Continent Climate

7. Standardization tactics
There is a need to create zones for different types of energy use
Created Zones 1-8 covering with 3 moisture zones ( effectively reduced to 7)
There is a need to create different types of buildings that use energy
Created R 1-4 building types
Components and systems need to be rated on a common scale
SEER, AFUE, R and U factors, SHGC

8. Building Science Review
Building Envelope
Temperature differentials
Energy / moisture flow dynamics
Building structures determination
Insulated surfaces
Does it suck or blow

9. The Second Law of Thermal Dynamics
The second law also deals with the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. A more random or disordered system will have a higher entropy. Heat is a random form of energy, so adding heat energy to a system will increase its entropy. An alternate form of the second law of thermodynamics states that any process in a closed system will increase the entropy of the closed system. If a system is not closed, any process will increase the total entropy of the universe. The entropy of the universe can never decrease

10. Q=U x A x ΔT At its most basic level
Building Science
Q=U x A x ΔT
At its most basic level
Hot to cold – Temperature gradients
High to Low – Air Pressure/Air quality
Wet to dry – Humidity / Condensation

11. Being a IECC Energy Inspector
Energy Code Compliance Process
Building type
Type of construction
New construction
Renovation
Finish out
Plan Review
Inspection Compliance
The building codes and energy codes have been traditional dominated by northern climates that have large heating requirements. That has changed over the years as Building Science has evaluated housing around the country.
The Poly Urethane industry has an old Legacy report that was used by code agencies before the grand merger in 1998 into the ICC. This legacy report is almost childish in comparison to ICC Compliance report generated today.

12. What is the function of the space?
Residential housing
Multi family / Dormitory / Penitentiary
Hotel / Motel
Commercial
Dining – bar or leisure/ fast food/ family
Institutional/Hospital/Fire station/school
Office
Retail
Public gathering / sports arena/ theatres
Manufacturing/Warehouse/Workshop

13. Vapor Barriers and Water Resistant Barriers
2012 IECC Chapter 4
Vapor Barriers and Water Resistant Barriers
Vapor Barrier ≤ .1 Perm - usually interior
Class I – Poly
Class II – Craft paper
Class III – Latex paint
Water Resistant Barrier – usually exterior
15 lbs. felt - 8 Perms
Grade D Building paper – 8 Perms
Tyvek – High / Low Perms / 6.7
Joe Lstribrick talks in terms of “valves” that open and close with humidity changes in Tyvek.

14. 2012 IECC Chapter 4 Continuous Air Barrier
Measured by air leakage instead of Perms
≤ Pa
Tyvek
Taped joints on exterior sheathing can meet requirements, but is not always continuous from foundation to roof.

15. 2012 IECC Chapter 4 Mandatory provisions What is the missing variable?
Air Leakage
Mechanical / Electrical systems
U Factor / SHGC / Visible Transmittion
What is the missing variable?
Certification label on electrical panel

16. 2012 IECC Chapter 4 Building Envelope
R Value - Thermal resistance rate
U Value - Thermal transmission rate
Total UA (U value Assembly)
Performance path (Software based)
Prescriptive path

17. Blower Door Testing
Equipment and manufacturers
2012 IECC requirements
RESNET requirements
HERS Ratings
Infrared scan supplementation & problem resolution
Code reports and documentation

18. 2012 IECC Chapter 4

19. 2012 IECC Commercial sections
Administration – Chapter 1
Definitions – Chapter 2
General Requirements – Chapter 3
Chpt 4 -Prescriptive Path “Thou Shall”
Chpt 4 -Performance Path “Software”

20. Energy Aspects of a property
Code regulates energy aspects of the;
Building Envelope
Fenestration
Air leakage
Mechanical Systems
Electrical Systems
Water heating Systems

21. 2012 IECC Chapter 1 101.4 Applicability
New residential buildings (mixed use)
Existing buildings (mixed use)
Additions
Alterations (including a change in conditioned space – converted garage)
Renovations
Repairs
Occupancy change that increases energy use
* Exemptions
Years ago. we performed an energy inspection on a closed down Food Lion grocery store that had been converted to a charter school. The renovation did not affect any changes to the building envelope so the scope of renovating the building came down to the energy use comparison of a 24 hour grocery store with coolers and freezer to a school that was in operation only 8 hours a day. The energy use was lower with the school application so no changes to the building envelope were necessary.

22. 2012 IECC Chapter 1 101.4 Applicability exceptions
Historic Buildings (listed or not)
Fenestration
Glass only replacement
Storm windows
Doors
Replace existing doors
Walls / Floor / Ceilings
Insulation not changed or disturbed
Replace < 50% of luminaries or any bulbs
Low energy buildings < 1 watt/sqft –
3.4 BTU/hr/sqft
Think of a 100 watt bulb in a 10 x10 room (like a well house) or a 1000 watt heater in a 1000 square foot house.
The BTU equivalent is a 3400 BTU heater in a 1000 sqft house. Not much energy. Some facilities that could fall into this category would be a large warehouse with 1-2 gas ceiling heaters.

23. Residential Buildings and the Commercial IECC
2012 IECC Chapter 2
Residential Buildings and the Commercial IECC
Group R – 1 Hotel / Motel - Commercial
Group R – 2 Apartment / Condo
(< 3 stories)
Group R – 3 Residential home construction
Group R – 4 Residential care / Living facilities (< 3 stories)

24. 106.1.1 IECC applies over other codes and standards
202 Definitions
Building
Building Thermal Envelope
Continuous Air Barrier
Demand Recirculating Water System
Fenestration Product – Site Built
Residential Building
Skylight
Visible Transmission
Whole House Mechanical Ventilation System

26. 2012 IECC Chapter 3 General Requirements
Table Zone designation by state / county
302.1 Interior design conditions
Heating - max 72 Degrees
Cooling – Min 75 Degrees
Fenestration product rating
U Factor - NFRC 100
SHGC
Table (1) Default fenestration U Factor
Table (2) Default door U Factor
Table (3) Default fenestration SHGC
Protection of exposed foundation insulation
Older standards used were like the FHA standard of 20 degree difference between the interior and exterior. That works pretty good until it is 110 degrees outside and having 90 degree air come out of you’re a/C registers was just considered unacceptable by most home owners.

27. Does it have to comply? C101.4.1 Existing Buildings
Regulates new work
Existing work is exempted * C
C Historic Buildings
C New construction activity
Exempted – provided energy use not increased
Glass replacement
Exposed cavities filled with insulation
Reroof not exposing sheathing or insulation

28. Does it have to comply? C101.4.3 New construction activity
Exempted – provided energy use not increased
Replacement of doors vestibule remains
Lighting replacement < 50% & more efficient
Lighting bulb / ballast replacement
C Change in occupancy or use if it increase energy consumption
C Change in space conditioning

29. Does it have to comply? C101.4.6 Mixed Occupancy
Commercial meets Commercial Provisions
Residential meets Residential Provisions
C Low energy buildings
< 3.4 Btu/sqft
< 1.0 Watt / sqft
Area does not contain a conditioned space

30. Definitions COP – Coefficient of Performance
Heat Pumps
Curtain Wall – Non load bearing fenestration wall separating exterior from interior
Daylight Zone – lighting control requirements
Area under the skylight + ceiling floor height
Area adjacent to windows inward 15 feet or to ceiling floor opaque partition

31. Definitions Air Economizer – brings outside air in during mid weather
General Lighting – does not include decorative lighting or specialized lighting
Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV) – partially load of EER, COP or kW/ton HVAC system
Skylight Glass with slope <60 degrees

32. Section 300 C301 – Climate zones C302 – Design conditions
Zones 2, 3 and 4
Hot / Warm
Dry / Humid - No Marine
C302 – Design conditions
Heating 72 degrees max
Cooling 75 degrees min
C (2 & 3) - Default U and SHGC values

33. What is covered by the 2012 IECC?
Insulation for walls, roof and floors
Cooling equipment
Heating equipment
Pumps, piping and liquid circulating systems
Heat rejection equipment
Water heating
Electrical
Power equipment
Lighting

34. Let’s start with something new!
C401.2 New Construction and high rise residential will comply with 1 of the following;
C401.2.(1A) ASHRAE 90.1
C401.2.(2B) C402 ( Building Envelope),
C403 (Mechanical),
C404 (Water Heating) and C405(Lighting) and
1 of Additional Options in C406.2(Improved HVAC),
C406.3 (Reduced LDP) or
C406.4(Onsite Renewable)

35. New Construction Performance Path
C401.2.(3C)C407 (Performance Path), C402.4 (Air Leakage),
C403.2 (HVAC Efficiency), C404 (Water Heating),
C405.2 (Light Controls), C405.4 (Emergency Exits)
C405.6 (Exterior Lighting) and C405.7 (Individual Metering)
To achieve 15% or better in efficiency.

36. Additions and Alterations
C Additions, alterations and repairs will comply with 1 of following;
C (1)C402 ( Building Envelope),
C403 (Mechanical),
C404 (Water Heating) and
C405 (Lighting) and
1 of Additional Options in C406.2(Improved HVAC),
C406.3 (Reduced LDP) or
C406.4(Onsite Renewable)
(2)ASHRAE 90.1

37. Pick 1 more way to improve efficiency
C406 Additional Efficiency Package Options (Include at least 1 option)
C More efficient HVAC performance
Potentially a 2 SEER increase
C More efficient Lighting system
Improvement ranges 10 – 20%
C On-site Renewable Energy
about 3% of total building energy

38. The Building Envelope C402.2 Prescriptive requirements
See charts C402.2
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) Zones 1, 2, 3
Options based on
Initial SRI value – 82 / 70
3 year SRI values /70 / 75
Thermal emittance - .75
C Max fenestration area 30%
Skylights limited to 3%
Prescriptive path required

39. The Building Envelope C402.3.1.1 ≤40% Fenestration limit
Performance path required > 30%
ASHRAE 90.1 allowed
C Daylight zones
> 50 of conditioned area in daylight zone
Automatic light in Daylight zones required
VT ≥ 1.1 times SHGC requirements
C Increased skylight areas up to 5% with automatic lights in daylight zones.

40. The Building Envelope C402.3.3 Projection Factor
Projection Factor = A (horiz) / B (vertical)
SHGC adjustments
Projection Factor
Orientation within 45 ° of north
> 6 feet above finished floor ≤ SHGC .40
C402.4 Air Leakage (Mandatory)
Continuous air barrier
Inside or outside
Exempted in Zones 1, 2 & 3

41. The Building Envelope C402.4.1.1 Air Barrier
Continuous foundation to roof
Joints sealed
Recessed lights sealed
Penetrations sealed
Passage of Building test exempts some requirements
C Air Barrier Building test
Allowed leakage ≤ .40cfm / sqft
10,000 sqft building ≤ 4000cfm
Measured at 75 Pa as per ASTM E-779

42. The Building Envelope Doors, openings, chutes, stairways
Gasketed, weather stripped, sealed
Air intakes, exhaust openings, stairways and shafts - Dampers required
Loading dock seals
Vestibules required
Exempt in zones 1 & 2
Unintentional doors
Sleeping units
Doors open to area , 3,000 sqft

43. Building Mechanical Systems
Simple Systems – Section C403.3
Packaged systems
Split systems
Hydronic systems
VAV Changeover systems
Complex Systems – Section C403.4
VAV systems (Variable Air Volume)
Central plant systems
Multiple zone systems

44. Building Mechanical Systems
C403.2 Mandatory Provisions
Design loads determined ACA Standard 183 (Manual J)
Building Envelope
Lighting
HVAC load based on occupancy loads
System sizing (Manual S) to prevent over sizing
HVAC Performance requirements – see tables
Thermostat controls
Ventilation

45. Building Mechanical Systems
C403.2 Mandatory Provisions
Duct and Plenum insulation
R - 6 in unconditioned area
R – 8 outside the building
Inside building envelope requires R-8 between the duct and the building exterior or unconditioned area (roof / wall).
Low pressure ducts < 500 Pa
Medium pressure ducts >500 Pa < 750 Pa
High pressure ducts > 750 Pa
Commissioning system
Average sea-level pressure is kPa ( mbar, or kPa) or 29.92 inches (in Hg) or 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). In aviation weather reports
Hurricane eye walls may have a pressure difference of 200 (900 millibars on typical Cat 2 hurricane)

46. Building Mechanical Systems
C Economizers
Can improve EER’s by 17 – 28%
Required on all systems > 33,000 BTU’s
Specific efficiency targets in B zones 2,3 and 4
Exempt
Zones 1 A & 1B
Small residential units
Occasional used systems
Super Markets
High efficiency systems that meet targets

47. Building Mechanical Systems
C404 Service Water Heating (Mandatory)
Performance standards Table C404.2 by type of water heating system
Insulation requirements = 1 inch of insulation for 1st 8 feet of hot and cold supply lines
All water lines insulated in circulatory systems
Exempt if supply lines have a 360 degree (bottom fed) or 270 degree (top fed tank) heat trap

48. Building Mechanical Systems
C404.6 Circulatory systems require automatic or manual on / off switch for limited demand
C404.7 Mandatory provisions for Pools / Spas
On / Off switch on heaters & no standing pilot light
Timer switches on pumps and heaters
Vapor retardant covers
Exempt if 70% of heating energy is from onsite energy source / recovery system

49. Building Mechanical Systems
C405.1 Lighting systems (Mandatory)
Dwelling units exempt if > 75% of fixtures are high efficiency
C405.1(2) & C (Exterior)
Lumens / watt provides high efficacy (Efficiency)
Residential requirements
60 lumens / watt over 40 watts
50 lumens / watt >15 to 40 watts
40 lumens / watt < 15 watts
Fluorescents use 80% less energy than incandescents
LED use even less than CFL

50. Building Mechanical Systems
C405.2 Lighting controls (Mandatory)
1 manual control in each area
Light reduction controls
Ability to reduce loads by 50% (reasonable pattern)
Dimmers on all lamps
Dual switches of alternate banks / lamps
Exemption – Single lamp
Occupant sensor
Specific rooms
Sleeping units
Low energy spaces

51. Building Mechanical Systems
C Additional Controls
Automatic time switch controls
Requires a manual over ride that controls < 5,000 sqft
Exempt for areas with occupancy sensors
Emergency egress area
Safety or security issues
Designed for continuous operation
Occupancy Sensors ≤ 300sqft

52. Building Mechanical Systems
C Daylight Zone controls
Daylight Zone – lighting control requirements
Area under the skylight + ceiling floor height
Area adjacent to windows inward 15 feet or to ceiling floor opaque partition
Each Daylight zone is limited to 2,500 sqft
Single switch with independent control
Exemption for 2 or fewer fixtures
Exemption if automatic controls are used

53. Building Mechanical Systems
C Specific application controls
C Exterior Lighting
Controlled with a photo sensor and timer
Astronomical timer (weekly schedule)
C405.3 Tandem Wiring (Mandatory)
Limited to magnetic ballast florescent units
1 / 3 /5 bulb configurations
C405.4 Exit signs (Mandatory)
Exit signs shall not exceed 5 watts per side

54. Building Mechanical Systems
C405.5 Interior lighting (Prescriptive)
See Tables (1) and (2)
Building area method (1)
Space by Space method (2)
Exemptions provided for special use needs
Com Check important tool to utilize these exemptions
Use fixture wattage on screw in lamp
Low-voltage light use transformer wattage
Track lighting 30 w/ft or breaker size

55. Building Mechanical Systems
C405.6 Exterior lighting (Mandatory)
Exemptions for historical, safety, signage or emergency issues
All luminaries > 100 watt must be 60 lumens / watt unless controlled motion sensor
Trade offs allowed for different functions
Exemptions for specific use lighting

56. C406 Additional Efficiency options
Must meet at least 1 of following requirements
Meet higher HVAC performance values
Tables C406.2 (1-7)
Meet higher light efficiency requirements
Table C406.3
Reduced Lighting Power Density (LPD) requirements
Table 406.3
On-site renewable energy
> .5W /sqft
> 3% of energy use

57. C407 Total Building Performance
Criteria for compliance using performance software to verify building compliance based on energy use instead of prescriptive requirements
Usually handles by city selection of compliance software such as Com Check, IC3 or other commercial based software
Mandatory sections still apply

58. C408 System Commissioning
Use to just require providing manuals
More complexity requires more step and rules
You need a plan developed by a Registered Design Professional
HVAC adjustments for balance
Functional test in all modes
Preliminary report to Building Owner
Letter from Building Owner to Code Official
Document requirements
Balancing report
Final report
Lighting System / Control testing

59. Infrared Thermography
The Science of Infrared Thermography
Radiant energy is measured by an infrared camera and then converted to temperatures
Errors are possible because of various environmental factors and conditions present during the scan

60. Infrared Thermography
Infrared radiation covers a range of wave lengths
Short Wave 1.4 – 3 microns (water vapor)
Mid Wave microns (good viewing)
Long Wave 8 – 15 micros (low temp)
Planck Theory
Emissivity
Transmittance
Reflectance

61. Infrared Thermography

62. Infrared Thermography

63. Infrared Thermography

64. Infrared Thermography

65. Infrared Thermography

66. Infrared Thermography
Other Building Science applications

67. Infrared Thermography
Other Building Science applications

68. Infrared Thermography
Other Building Science applications

69. Infrared Thermography
Other Building Science applications

70. IEEC 2012 Residential Inspections
Closing Questions?
Jim Hemsell
Infrared - A Closer Look Inc.
Denton, Texas