1. Skeletal System

2. Anatomy

3. Internal Bone Structure

4. Bone Growth
Animation of growth

5. Fractures
To make sure bones heal properly, the fragments must be aligned and supported, either by an external cast or internal metal pins

8. Engineering for Bones

9. Joints Joints - where two bones meet
Ligaments - fibers that hold bones together
Not all joints can move
Ex. skull plates, bones in pelvis
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10. Joints
Joints that move have cartilage at the ends, and liquid in between for cushioning
1) Hinge joint – bends in one direction
Ex. Elbow, knee
2) Ball & socket joint – rotates around
Ex. Hip, shoulder
3) Gliding joint – many directions
Ex. Wrist, ankle
4) Pivot joint – twists
Ex. neck
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12. Engineering for Joints
Joint replacement

15. Muscle Structure The human body has over 600 muscles
Muscles fibers contain important proteins called actin and myosin which allow them to contract (when signaled by the nervous system)
They consume a lot of oxygen and energy
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16. Major muscles
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17. Muscle Types Smooth muscle – digestive system, involuntary
Cardiac muscle – heart, involuntary
Skeletal muscle – attach to bones via tendons, voluntary
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19. Muscle Structure
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20. Movement Brain tells muscle to contract/relax using nerve fibers
Muscles contract/relax and pull bones using tendons
Bones bend at the joints
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22. Tendon vs. Ligament
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25. Engineering for Limbs

26. Engineering for Limbs