1. Political Socio-economical and Legal Though
lecture

2. prof. Łukasz Machaj

3. prof. Łukasz Machaj lukasz.machaj@uwr.edu.pl +48 71 375 2908
(Piotr S. Kozdrowicki)

4. prof. Łukasz Machaj lukasz.machaj@uwr.edu.pl +48 71 375 2908
(Piotr S. Kozdrowicki)

5. Philosophy of antient world:

6. Philosophy of antient world: Cynicism

7. Philosophy of antient world: Cynicism Stoicism

8. Philosophy of antient world: Cynicism Stoicism Epicureanism

9. Cynicism

10. Κυνόσαργες [Cynosarges]
Cynicism
Κυνόσαργες [Cynosarges]
Κυνικός [Cynicos]

11. Diogenes of Sinope

12. Ethics

13. Virtue: living in accord with the Nature
Ethics
Virtue: living in accord with the Nature

14. Latin: virtus, Greek: ἀρετή [aretē]
Virtue
Latin: virtus, Greek: ἀρετή [aretē]

15. Virtue Latin: virtus, Greek: ἀρετή [aretē]
ethikē aretē – virtue of the character

16. How to live free?
ἄσκησις [askezis]

17. How to live free?
ἄσκησις [askezis]
self-sufficiency

18. How to live free? ἄσκησις [askezis] self-sufficiency
courage of expression

19. How to live free? ἄσκησις [askezis] self-sufficiency
courage of expression
egoism

20. εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]
Living free
εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]

21. Antient freedom

22. ἐλευθερία [eleutheria] - liberty
Antient freedom:
ἐλευθερία [eleutheria] - liberty

23. ἐλευθερία [eleutheria] - liberty
Antient freedom:
ἐλευθερία [eleutheria] - liberty

24. Antient freedom: ἐλευθερία [eleutheria] – liberty
αὐτάρκεια [autarkeia] – self-sufficiency

25. Antient freedom: ἐλευθερία [eleutheria] – liberty
αὐτάρκεια [autarkeia] – self-sufficiency
παρρησία [parrhēsia] – frankness

26. Diogenes of Sinope and Alexander the Great

27. Diogenes of Sinope
and Plato

28. Diogenes
Plato

29. Socrates
Diogenes
Plato

30. Diogenes of Sinope

31. Diogenes of Sinope

32. Diogenes of Sinope

33. Diogenes of Sinope

34. Cosmopolitanism

35. Legacy of Cynicism:

36. Legacy of Cynicism: Stoicism

37. Legacy of Cynicism: Stoicism Anarchism

38. Legacy of Cynicism: Stoicism Anarchism modern cynicism

39. Video: What Do Cynical People Really Want?

40. Cynicism in brief:

41. Cynicism in brief:
founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes

42. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature

43. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?

44. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete

45. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete
askezis

46. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete
askezis
self-sufficiency

47. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete
askezis
self-sufficiency
courage of speech

48. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete
askezis
self-sufficiency
courage of speech
Eudaimonia

49. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete
askezis
self-sufficiency
courage of speech
Eudaimonia
legacy of Cynicism:

50. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete
askezis
self-sufficiency
courage of speech
Eudaimonia
legacy of Cynicism:
Stoicism

51. Cynicism in brief: founders: Diogenes of Sinope, Antisthenes
purpose: live in accord with the Nature
how to reach it?
arete
askezis
self-sufficiency
courage of speech
Eudaimonia
legacy of Cynicism:
Stoicism
Anarchism

52. Stoicism

53. Στοὰ Ποικίλη [Stoa Poikile]

54. Stoicism

55. Stoicism: Early Stoa (ca. 300 B.C.E.) – Zeno of Citium

56. Stoicism: Early Stoa (ca. 300 B. C. E
Stoicism: Early Stoa (ca. 300 B.C.E.) – Zeno of Citium Middle Stoa (late II and I century B.C.E.) – Panaetius, Posidonius

57. Stoicism: Early Stoa (ca. 300 B. C. E
Stoicism: Early Stoa (ca. 300 B.C.E.) – Zeno of Citium Middle Stoa (late II and I century B.C.E.) – Panaetius, Posidonius Late Stoa (I through II century C.E.) - Seneca, Musonius Rufus, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius

58. Cynicism Stoicism

59. Cynicism Stoicism
eudaimonia

60. Socrates
Cynicism Stoicism
eudaimonia

61. Socrates
Cynicism Stoicism
eudaimonia

62. Zeno of Citium

63. Cynicism Stoicism
Ethics

64. Socrates Cynicism Stoicism
Logic
Ethics

65. Socrates Cynicism Stoicism Plato
Logic
Ethics
Physics

66. Socrates Cynicism Stoicism Plato
Logic
Ethics
Physics

67. τόποι [topoi]:
Logic
Physics
Ethics

68. Stoic „garden of philosophy”

69. Stoic „garden of philosophy”
Logic

70. Stoic „garden of philosophy”
Physics
Logic

71. Stoic „garden of philosophy”
Ethics
Physics
Logic

72. Stoic Physics:

73. Stoic Physics:
Cosmos = God

74. Pneuma – divine essence
Stoic Physics:
Cosmos = God
Pneuma – divine essence

75. Pneuma – divine essence
Stoic Physics:
Cosmos = God
Pneuma – divine essence
Aether – divine fire

76. Pneuma – divine essence
Stoic Physics:
Cosmos = God
Pneuma – divine essence
Aether – divine fire
Logos

77. Stoic Ethics:

78. Stoic Ethics:
„Follow the Nature!”

79. οἰκείωσις [oikeiôsis]
Stoic Ethics:
„Follow the Nature!”
οἰκείωσις [oikeiôsis]

80. οἰκείωσις [oikeiôsis]
Stoic Ethics:
„Follow the Nature!”
οἰκείωσις [oikeiôsis]
cardinal virtues

81. Cardinal virtues:
temperance
courage
justice
practical widsom

82. Cardinal disciplines:
desire
action
assent

83. Cardinal disciplines:
desire
action
assent
ἀπάθεια [apatheia]

84. ἀπάθεια [apatheia]

85. ἀπάθεια [apatheia] live in accord with Nature

86. Video: Cicero facing death

87. Marcus Tullius Cicero

88. Marcus Tullius Cicero

89. „Paradoxa Stoicorum”

90. Marcus Aurelius

91. „Meditations”

92. Video: 5 Key Principles Of Stoicism Explained

93. Stoicism in brief:

94. Stoicism in brief:
thinkers: Zeno of Citium; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius

95. Stoicism in brief: thinkers: Zeno of Citium; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius
Influence of: Cynicism, Socrates and Plato

96. Stoicism in brief: thinkers: Zeno of Citium; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius
Influence of: Cynicism, Socrates and Plato
3 topoi: Logic, Physics and Ethics

97. Stoicism in brief: thinkers: Zeno of Citium; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius
Influence of: Cynicism, Socrates and Plato
3 topoi: Logic, Physics and Ethics
Stoic Physics:
Cosmos as God (Logos), Pneuma, Aether

98. Stoicism in brief: thinkers: Zeno of Citium; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius
Influence of: Cynicism, Socrates and Plato
3 topoi: Logic, Physics and Ethics
Stoic Physics:
Cosmos as God (Logos), Pneuma, Aether
Stoic Ethics:
Follow the Nature!
oikeiôsis
cardinal virtues

99. Stoicism in brief: thinkers: Zeno of Citium; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius
Influence of: Cynicism, Socrates and Plato
3 topoi: Logic, Physics and Ethics
Stoic Physics:
Cosmos as God (Logos), Pneuma, Aether
Stoic Ethics:
Follow the Nature!
oikeiôsis
cardinal virtues
purpose of live: apatheia
ability to live in accord with Nature

100. Epicureanism

101. Epicurus of Samos (341–270 B.C.)

102. Epicurus of Samos in the Garden

103. Epicurean Physics:

104. Epicurean Physics:
materialism

105. Epicurean Physics:
materialism
Cosmos = atoms + void

106. Epicurean Physics:
materialism
Cosmos = atoms + void
There is no soul!

107. Epicurean Physics: materialism Cosmos = atoms + void There is no soul!
There are no gods!

108. Epicurean Physics: materialism Cosmos = atoms + void There is no soul!
There are no gods!
Death is annihilation

109. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.

110. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.
2. The living have not yet been annihilated.

111. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.
2. The living have not yet been annihilated.
3. Death does not affect the living.

112. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.
2. The living have not yet been annihilated.
3. Death does not affect the living.
4. Death is not bad for the living.

113. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.
2. The living have not yet been annihilated.
3. Death does not affect the living.
4. Death is not bad for the living.
5. For something to be bad for somebody, that person has to exist, at least.

114. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.
2. The living have not yet been annihilated.
3. Death does not affect the living.
4. Death is not bad for the living.
5. For something to be bad for somebody, that person has to exist, at least.
6. The dead do not exist.

115. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.
2. The living have not yet been annihilated.
3. Death does not affect the living.
4. Death is not bad for the living.
5. For something to be bad for somebody, that person has to exist, at least.
6. The dead do not exist.
7. Therefore, death is not bad for the dead.

116. Epicurus’ arguments against fear of death:
1. Death is annihilation.
2. The living have not yet been annihilated.
3. Death does not affect the living.
4. Death is not bad for the living.
5. For something to be bad for somebody, that person has to exist, at least.
6. The dead do not exist.
7. Therefore, death is not bad for the dead.
8. Therefore death is bad for neither the living nor the dead.

117. „While we are, there is no death
„While we are, there is no death. When there is death, there will be no us.”

118. Epicurean Ethics:

119. general purpose of life: pleasure
Epicurean Ethics:
general purpose of life: pleasure

120. Epicurean Ethics: general purpose of life: pleasure
εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]

121. Epicurean Ethics: general purpose of life: pleasure active pleasures
εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]

122. Epicurean Ethics: general purpose of life: pleasure active pleasures
εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]
(painful and short)

123. Epicurean Ethics: general purpose of life: pleasure
active pleasures passive pleasures
εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]
(painful and short)

124. Epicurean Ethics: general purpose of life: pleasure
active pleasures passive pleasures
εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]

125. Epicurean Ethics: Hedonism? general purpose of life: pleasure
active pleasures passive pleasures
εὐδαιμονία [eudaimonia]
Hedonism?

126. Video: A History of Disbelief

127. Epicureanism in brief:

128. Epicureanism in brief:
founder: Epicurus of Samos

129. Epicureanism in brief:
founder: Epicurus of Samos
Epicurean materialism:
Cosmos = atoms + void
There is no soul!
There are no gods!

130. Epicureanism in brief:
founder: Epicurus of Samos
Epicurean materialism:
Cosmos = atoms + void
There is no soul!
There are no gods!
Epicurean Ethics:
general purpose of life: pleasure
types of pleasures: active and passive

131. Epicureanism in brief:
founder: Epicurus of Samos
Epicurean materialism:
Cosmos = atoms + void
There is no soul!
There are no gods!
Epicurean Ethics:
general purpose of life: pleasure
types of pleasures: active and passive
Legacy of Epicureanism:
problem of the Evil
question about existence of God

132. Useful sources: Videos:
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (
The Stoic: 9 Principles to Help You Keep Calm in Chaos (
Videos:
What Do Cynical People Really Want? -
Cicero dies -
The Philosophy Of Stoicism - 5 Key Principles Of Stoicism Explained -
A History of Disbelief Epicurus,Lucretius,Aristotle,Cicero and Seneca -