1. Introduction to EMS Systems
Chapter 1
Introduction to EMS Systems
This is the Title Screen for this lesson.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

2. EMS: Street Saviors Video Introduction
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

3. Components of the EMS System
► Communication Centers
► Air Medical Transports
► Hospitals
► Law Enforcement
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

4. The EMS System ► Specially Trained Personnel ► Ambulances
► Fire Departments
► Rescue Squads
Briefly explain each EMS component and how they assist with the overall mission of an EMS system.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

5. Dispatch Case Study Discussion, continued
You and your partner are staffing EMS Unit 106 this afternoon.
Dispatch requests that you respond to the Southern Park Mall for a 23-year- old female patient who is actively seizing.
Please report to the main concourse.
Time out is 1717 hours.
Dispatch

6. The EMS System Level of Pre-hospital Certifications
►Registered Nurse/Paramedic (RN/EMT-P)
►Paramedic (EMT-P)
►Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
►First Responder (EMR)
►First Aid
Briefly explain each EMS component and how they assist with the overall mission of an EMS system.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

7. In-Hospital Care System
The EMS System
In-Hospital Care System
► Emergency Departments
► Specialty Hospitals
Traumas
Strokes
Burns
Cardiac Problems
Pediatrics
Give a brief overview describing how a hospitals emergency department works to stabilize patients and then move them to the appropriate in-hospital department. Go over the basic types of specialty hospitals and identify any in your area.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

8. In-Hospital Care System
The EMS System
In-Hospital Care System
► Emergency Departments
► Specialty Hospitals
Trauma Center
A trauma center is a hospital equipped to provide comprehensive emergency medical services to patients suffering traumatic injuries.
Trauma centers will have trauma surgeons available, including those trained in such specialties as Neurosurgery and Orthopedic surgery as well as highly sophisticated medical diagnostic equipment.
Give a brief overview describing how a hospitals emergency department works to stabilize patients and then move them to the appropriate in-hospital department. Go over the basic types of specialty hospitals and identify any in your area.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

9. In-Hospital Care System
The EMS System
In-Hospital Care System
► Emergency Departments
► Specialty Hospitals
Stroke Center
A Hospital with a CT scan or MRI scanner which is available 24 hours each day.
Immediate access to neurosurgical services (access to a brain surgeon) and a physician with expertise in interpreting CT or MRI studies
Give a brief overview describing how a hospitals emergency department works to stabilize patients and then move them to the appropriate in-hospital department. Go over the basic types of specialty hospitals and identify any in your area.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

10. In-Hospital Care System
The EMS System
In-Hospital Care System
► Emergency Departments
► Specialty Hospitals
Burn Center
Specialized hospital facility that maintains equipment for the management of patients with severe or life threatening burns.
Maintains specialized team consists of experts in plastic and reconstructive surgery, physical and occupational therapy, nursing, psychology, nutrition, social work and case management.
Give a brief overview describing how a hospitals emergency department works to stabilize patients and then move them to the appropriate in-hospital department. Go over the basic types of specialty hospitals and identify any in your area.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

11. In-Hospital Care System
The EMS System
In-Hospital Care System
► Emergency Departments
► Specialty Hospitals
Cardiac Center
Necessary equipment to diagnosis and treat a heart attack (STEMI) 24 hours a day to include 12 lead EKG and specialized laboratory capabilities.
Have a cardiologist available 24 hours a day to provide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or fibrinolytic therapy
Give a brief overview describing how a hospitals emergency department works to stabilize patients and then move them to the appropriate in-hospital department. Go over the basic types of specialty hospitals and identify any in your area.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

12. In-Hospital Care System
The EMS System
In-Hospital Care System
► Emergency Departments
► Specialty Hospitals
Pediatric Emergency Department
Open 24 hours a day for patients age 17 and under
Immediate access to Physicians that have specialization in pediatric care and the ability to admit to a specialized pediatric unit.
Staffed by pediatric-trained emergency medicine doctors, nurses and support staff.
Give a brief overview describing how a hospitals emergency department works to stabilize patients and then move them to the appropriate in-hospital department. Go over the basic types of specialty hospitals and identify any in your area.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

13. The ER Hospital System ►Physicians Assistant (PA)
Level of Hospital Licensures and Certifications
►Licensed Physician/Medical Doctor (ERMD)
►Adv. Registered Nurse Practioner (ARNP)
►Physicians Assistant (PA)
►Registered Nurse (RN)
►Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
►Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA)
►Technician (EMT/Paramedic)
Briefly explain each EMS component and how they assist with the overall mission of an EMS system.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

14. The EMS System Medical Oversight ► Medical Director
► Off-Line Medical Direction
Protocols
(Standing Orders)
► On-Line Medical Direction
Identify your local EMS system’s Medical Director and give examples of off-line and on-line medical direction.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

15. The EMS System Medical Oversight ► Medical Director
1. A physician who provides guidance, leadership, oversight and quality assurance for the practice of local EMS personnel within a predefined area.
2. Medical directors are typically board-certified in emergency medicine. The medical director is generally responsible for the creation of protocols for treatment by EMS personnel.
Identify your local EMS system’s Medical Director and give examples of off-line and on-line medical direction.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

16. The EMS System Medical Oversight ► Off-line Medical Direction
1. Off-line medical direction consists of standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow Responders to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the Medical Director or another physician.
2. These Standing Orders or Protocols are a list of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations.
Identify your local EMS system’s Medical Director and give examples of off-line and on-line medical direction.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

17. The EMS System Medical Oversight ► On-line Medical Direction
1. On-line medical direction consists of orders for patient management given from the Emergency Department on-duty physician.
2. These orders are received directly to the Responder in the field by radio or telephone.
Identify your local EMS system’s Medical Director and give examples of off-line and on-line medical direction.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

18. The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
“Emergency Medical Responders are trained to reach patients, find out what is wrong, provide emergency care and, only when necessary and without causing further injury, move patients.
These individuals are usually the first trained personnel to reach the patient.”
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

19. The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
► Personal Safety
Disposable Gloves
Barrier Devices
Protective Eyewear
Face Masks
Gowns or Aprons
Pass around these various PPE items as you are discussing them.
Click the image to enlarge
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

20. The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
► Traits
Teachable
Responsible
Honest and Realistic
Tactful and Respectful
Describe how each of these traits is important for an Emergency Medical Responder to have.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

21. The Emergency Medical Responder
Roles and Responsibilities
► Traits
Emotionally in Control
Disciplined
Understanding of Stress
Healthy
Describe how each of these traits is important for an Emergency Medical Responder to have.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

22. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Assess For and Manage Hazards on Scene
► Gain Access to Patients in Vehicles
► Gain Access to Patients in Buildings
► Evaluate the Possible Cause of an Illness or Injury
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

23. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Gather Pertinent Information from Patient or Bystanders
► Properly Utilize Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
► Conduct an Appropriate Patient Assessment
► Gather Accurate Vital Signs
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

24. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Properly Document Assessment Findings
► Relate Signs and Symptoms to Illness or Injury
► Evaluate and Manage a Patient’s Airway and Breathing
► Perform CPR
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

25. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Properly Utilize an AED
► Control Bleeding
► Assess and Manage Shock
► Provide Care for Patients with Closed and Open Injuries
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

26. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Perform Basic Dressing and Bandaging
► Assess and Care for Possible Injuries to Bones and Joints
► Assess and Care for Possible Injuries to the Head and Face
► Assess and Care for Possible Injuries to the Neck and Spine
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

27. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Assess and Care for Possible Heart Attacks, Strokes, Seizures, and Diabetic Emergencies
► Identify and Care for Poisoning Cases
► Assess and Care for Burns
► Assess and Care for Heat- and Cold-Related Emergencies
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

28. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Assist a Mother in Delivering Her Baby
► Provide Initial Care for the Newborn
► Identify and Care for Drug and Alcohol Abuse Patients
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

29. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Move Patients (When Necessary)
► Perform Triage at a Multiple Casualty Incident
► Work within the Structure of an Incident Management System
► Work Under the Direction of More Highly Trained Personnel
As you introduce these items, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

30. The Emergency Medical Responder
Skills
EMRs should be able to:
► Deliver Oxygen
► Apply or Assist in Applying a Traction Splint
► Apply or Assist in Applying a Cervical Collar
► Assist in Securing a Patient to a Long Spine Board or Similar Device Used to Immobilize a Patient’s Spine
Check with your local system, these skills may or may not be required. If they are, reassure students that you will be covering each of these skills individually later in the course.
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

31. Video Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bcn1V4G7e0
Bergeron, First Responder 8th ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ