1. Review t-tests Single-sample t-test (df = N – 1)
Independent samples t-test (df = (n1 – 1)+(n2 – 1) )
Related or paired-samples t-test (df = N – 1)

2. ANOVA formulas One-way ANOVA dftotal = N – 1 dfbetween = k – 1
dfwithin = (n – 1) or N – k
Two-way ANOVA
dftotal = N – 1
dfbetween = k – 1 (or # cells -1)
dfwithin = N – k (or  (n-1) )
dfA = k – 1 (# rows – 1 for factor A)
dfB = k – 1 (# columns – 1 for factor B)
dfAxB = dfbetween – dfA - dfB
Repeated-measures ANOVA
dftotal = N – 1
dfbetween = k – 1
dfwithin = N – k
dfbetween subjects = n – 1
dferror = dfwithin – dfbetween subjects
One-way ANOVA Repeated-measures ANOVA

3. Effect size analyses z-test One-sample t-test Paired samples t-test
CI = M +/- z*(σM)
One-sample t-test
CI = M +/- t*(sM)
Independent t-test
CI = M1 – M2 +/- t*(sM1-M2)
Cohen’s d
Small >.2
Medium >.5
Large > .8
Variance accounted for (r2)
Small >.01
Medium >.09
Large > .25
Paired samples t-test
CI = MD ± t*(sMD)
Cohen’s d
ANOVA: effect size = eta2

4. Other formulas Goodness of fit chi-square Frequency table of data
Observed frequencies (fo)
Compare to null hypothesis
Expected frequencies (fe)
Expected frequency
fe = pn
Chi-square equation
df = C – 1, where C = # of categories
Preference for note-taking method: frequency counts
Design A: 23, Design B: 12, Design C: n = 60