1. Use of Satellite Data for Georgia’s Air Quality Planning Activities Tao Zeng and James Boylan Georgia EPD – Air Protection Branch TEMPO Applications Workshop Huntsville, AL – July 13, 2016

2. Use of Satellite Data Exceptional Events Air Quality Modeling
Emission Inventories
Fire emissions
NOx emissions
Air Quality Forecasting 2

3. Exceptional Events 3

4. Exceptional Events
Exceptional event requests are submitted by the States to EPA for approval
Wildfires
Dust storms
Volcanic eruptions
If a measurement is flagged as an exceptional event, the measurement is not included in the design value used to determine attainment with the NAAQS
Typically submitted for ozone and PM2.5 4

5. 24-Hour PM2.5 on July 2, 2014 Site Concentration (µg/m3)
Macon - Allied
39.6
Kennesaw
22.0
South DeKalb
22.7
Albany – Turner 5

6. NOAA Metosat Images of SAL
July 1, 2014
July 2, 2014 6

7. VIIRS (Suomi) - June 24, 2014 7

8. MODIS (Aqua) AOD – July 1, 2014 8

9. GOES AOD – July 2, 2014 9

10. CALIPSO Lidar – July 2, 2014 10

11. Air Quality Modeling 11

12. Air Quality Modeling System
Meteorology (WRF)
Air Quality (CMAQ/CAMx)
Emissions (SMOKE)
Emissions
Inventory
(NEI)
Hourly concentrations of criteria air pollutants and precursor pollutants
MOVES
Rates 12

13. Clouds and Precipitation
Need to add hourly cloud and precipitation data assimilation into WRF to produce more accurate meteorological inputs for CMAQ
Impacts of cloud type and location
Solar radiation and photochemistry
SO2 heterogeneous reactions
SO2 + H2O2 (aq)  H2SO4
Impacts of precipitation
Ambient concentrations
Wet deposition fluxes 13

14. Fire Emissions 14

15. 2011 Emissions in Georgia 15

16. Prescribed Fire Burn Area
2011
GA EPD
SMARTFIRE v1
2014 16

17. Wildfire Burn Area
2011
GA EPD
SMARTFIRE v1
2014 17

18. Monthly Prescribed Burning Areas
SMARTFIRE overestimates prescribed fire activities during October and November and underestimated fire activity during March. Similar patter for 2014 (not shown). 18

19. Fire Distributions in 2011
Satellite measurements miss many of the smaller prescribed fires that are less than 100 acres
Under the tree canopy and less upward thermal radiation
Need higher temporal and spatial resolution satellite measurements to improve fire detection. 19

20. NOx Emissions 20

21. Ozone Attainment Planning
Atlanta is currently nonattainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS (75 ppb) and will be designated nonattainment for the 2015 ozone NAAQS (70 ppb)
Need to develop attainment strategies that focus on NOx reductions
87% of all NOx emissions in Atlanta are from mobile sources
Modeling mobile source NOx emissions
Uncertainties in MOVES and NONROAD models
Are NOx emissions in these models too high?
Large day-to-day variability in activity that is not captured by these models (e.g., traffic conditions) 21

22. Model NO2 – Satellite NO2
Slide taken from “The AQAST Legacy: Linking Satellites with Air Quality” by Tracey Holloway (University of Wisconsin-Madison) presented at the 2016 Midwest and Central States Air Quality Workshop on June 21, 2016. 22

23. Air Quality Forecasting23

24. Air Quality Forecasting
HMS fire/smoke (8/26/2015)
NOAA GOES image (7/8/2016)
HMS fire/smoke (6/13/2016) 24

25. Training 25

26. NASA Remote Sensing Training26

27. Summary Satellite data can help state air regulatory agencies to:
Identify exceptional events
Improve simulation of clouds and precipitation in meteorological models to improve the air quality model simulations
Improve fire and NOx emission inventories
Improve air quality forecasts
High resolution geostationary satellites can provide additional useful information
Additional remote sensing training would be very beneficial 27

28. Contact Information
Tao Zeng, Ph.D. Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources 4244 International Parkway, Suite 120 Atlanta, GA 28