1. China’s Rise & America’s Response
Introduction to Contemporary China
(Prof. Si Joong Kim)
Yong Chamroeun (ID:00907)
2009/06/02, GSIS-Sogang University

2. China’s Rise & America’s Response
I- Introduction
II- China: Growing Power, Historical Legacy
III- DevelopT of China’s Bilateral with Major Powers
IV- Benefits & Down-sides of China’s Power for US
V- China’s Future role & US Response
VI- Conclusion

4. I-Introduction
China’s rise mean for the global security of I-system, & USA
How American Military, Political & Economic resposes to China?
International conflict when regional & global power balance shift to challenges the status quo & the position of states or states that guard the established order. WWI (Germany-GB)
WWII was a function of Japan’s challenge to UK & USA.
The Cold War reflected the Soviet Union challenge to USA
East Asi a, someday China challenge USA dominance (Strong State-Military, Economic…)

5. II- China: Growing Power, Historical Legacy-1
China’s Power is growing:
Its economy is growing quite quickly (10% a year)
Its political influence has been growing, but Latin America & Africa (Korea is ally of US for 5 decades) but now close partner with China
The Budget of the People’s Liberation Army has grown 15 to 20% a year for 2 decades.
The first 4 years of this decade, Chinese military has bought over $US 10 billion a year of military equipment why? Probably advanced military equipment from foreign Countries.

6. II- China: Growing Power,
Historical Legacy-2
What makes China’s rise all the more interesting is that it’s more than a previously poor, weak country flexing its new muscles. (Some people in USA, Japan, Taiwan are getting a little bit excited)
A unique historical is China’s contemporary ambition
China is the only traditional world civilization or great power to have fallen on hard times & then had a realistic hope of revival & return to glory.
Korea was a great, traditional regional civilization that is now in the process of returning to glory.
China, 2 millennia ago, the Han dynasty was more or less the equal of the Roman Empire. Both collapsed, but while Europe was mired in weakness …

7. II- China: Growing Power, Historical Legacy-3
Another 1000 years, traditional Chinese civilization remade itself twice, the Tang & Song dynasty. These dynasties were the wonders of the world. All Chinese are deeply proud of this cultural heritage & past greatness.
China’s economic growth over the last thirty years & spreading international clout provide chinese today with some optimism that their country & civilization can return to greatness as well as with a strong sense of historic responsibility to bring that about.
Therefore, America maintains both the will & the capacity to play its leadership role. There is a more optimistic scenario for China’s role, if both USA & China have good sense to seize it.

10. Wonderful Tang & Song Dynasties
Relatively speaking (1)
Political effectiveness (4)
Combined Economic Vitality
Social Coherence (2)
Cultural brilliance (3)
Military Power (5)

11. China’s rise from 3 different perspectives
USA
China
& USA
in Asia
&
Int’l System

12. III- Development of China’s Bilateral Relations with major Power
Chinese Leaders have embraced policies designed to reassure China’s neighbors & to enhance the PRC’s reputation as a more responsible & cooperative international actor.
Asian Financial crisis late 1990s-Multilateralism
17th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, President Hu Jintao offered the reassurance that China pursues a foreign policy of peace, development & cooperation.
Since 1996 China’s Leaders have been engaged in concerted effort to improve bilateral relations with the world’s other major power in order to reduce the likelihood that they will unite to prevent China’s slow but steady rise.

13. China’s Increased International Economic Role
If China’s political role in the international system is rather accommodating, its recent economic role is more impressive.
A sense of rapid increase in China’s role in international economy by trade with USA in 1992 $33b & 2006 $343b it increased 10 times in 14 years.
China has moved from being a marginal global player to an important one, becoming a significant link in many global supply chains as the companies that used to manufacture or assemble in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong Etc. But China’s demand for all kinds of ingredients of industrial manufacturing have made it a favored customer for natural resources in Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, south America & Russia.

14. Chinese Energy Companies: A Complex Role
There is an impression that the Chinese govt is moving around the world, locking up energy supply bases, and removing it from global energy supply.
The liberalization & decentralization of China’s energy sector over the past 2 decades has resulted in a shift of power & resources away from the central govt toward the state owned energy companies & a substantial reduction in the ability of govt ot monitor these firms.
Both Chinese & USA buyers purchase oil on the spot market & through long term contracts which are based on spot prices.

15. IV- Benefits & Down-sides of China’s Power for US
Export market: $34.7 b/2004, $41.8b/05 &$55.2b last year
China recycles its dollar export earnings by purchasing treasury securities helps keeps interest rates here low, which is good for every American home-owner.
China is using some of its new found international influence in support of goals that US Shares. The most obvious is de-nuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, where China has sought to facilitate a diplomatic solution.
Iran, Sudan (Darfur), Myanmar, Tibet, Taiwan????
Southeast Asia?

16. Problems in the US-China Economic Relationship
USA & China are too interdependent to have a serious conflict.
US imports from China are increasing at $40b per year (equal to the total value of American exports to China in 2005)
China has led to the export of dangerous ingredients for pet food, pharmaceuticals & Toys
Chinese protection of foreign intellectual property rights is seriously flawed.
New concerns about mercantilist trade policies & Chinese economic nationalism
The gloal macroeconomic imbalance that China’s export boom has created
US-Business community would like people to believe

17. V- Optimistic Concert of Power: China’s Future Role & US-response
Europe
USA
China
Russia
Japan, India,
Brazil

18. VI- Conclusion
The rise of China does present the USA with a significant foreign policy & security challenge.
Because the age of interdependence & a world China shares some interests with US, And US holds the future in its hand, it US wish to remain a global power
The lessons that US & China will learn in managing a series of tough issues like the Taiwan strait issues, Korean peninsula, economic co-dependency for good of strategic relationship.
Neither USA nor China should assume that they are destined to future of rivalry & competition.
Therefore, Should both countries working together with the other great powers can be a significant force for the preservation of peace & security in the whole world.

19. Discussion Questions???
1- How China & US find the settlement procedures are fair for small or under-developing countries during resolution on the conflict?
2- What is China’s perspective of North Korea issue?
3- How UN’s process continues to shape collective management of the global conflict or Power states ?
4- How China or USA have influence to Taiwan?

20. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!