1. Pulp & Paper Industry
(Group work # 1-4)

2. 1. Matching process to its meaning
Debarking
(a) smoothing the paper surface
Chipping
(b) Making pulp solution + draining water + drying paper + coating paper surface
Pulp making (Kraft process)
(c ) making white pulp
Bleaching
(d) Removing lignin from woods by adding NaOH, Na2S
Paper making
(e) Cutting woods into pieces
Calendering
(f) Removing wood skins

3. 2. Putting into order of these following pulp & paper making process 1
2. Putting into order of these following pulp & paper making process 1. Chipping 2. Calendering 3. Pulp making (Kraft process) 4. Bleaching 5. Debarking 6. Paper making

4. 3. Identify wastes produced
Process
Waste produced
Debarking
Chipping
Pulp making
(Kraft process)
Bleaching
Paper making

5. 3. Identify wastes produced
Process
Waste produced
Debarking
Wood skins
Wastewater (if using “wet” debarking)
Chipping
Small pieces of wood
Pulp making
(Kraft process)
Black liquor (removed lignin)
Bleaching
Chlorine contained wastewater
Paper making
White water
Steam (water vapor) from drying paper
Rejected paper

6. 4. Applying any waste reduction Techniques (P2)
A) Managing inventory B) Modifying production process B1 improving operation and maintenance B2 changing to less hazardous materials B3 modifying or changing equipment C) Reducing waste volume C1 separating waste at the source C2 concentration waste D) Recovering of waste D1 Reuse D2 Recycle D3 Recovery

7. 4. Application of P2 Process Waste produced P2 application Debarking
Chipping
Pulp making
(Kraft process)
Bleaching
Paper making

8. 4. Application of P2 Process Waste produced P2 application Debarking
Wood skins
Wastewater (if using “wet” debarking)
Co-production from bark (wood skins): mulch, ground cover, charcoal. [D2 recycle]
Applying dry debarking [B3 Modifying/changing equipment]
Burning bark from debarking for energy production [D3 recover]
Chipping
Small pieces of wood
Burning small chips from chipping for energy production [D3 recover]

9. 4. Application of P2 Process Waste produced P2 application Pulp making
(Kraft)
Black liquor
(removed lignin)
'black liquor' is concentrated by evaporation and burned to provide energy for paper mill processes [C2 Concentration waste & then D3 waste recover]
Bio-pulping (microorganisms/
microbial enzymes)[B1 Improving operation]
Extended delignification to remove more lignin before bleaching step by extended cooking or adding chemical catalysts [B1 Improving operation]

10. 4. Application of P2 Process Waste produced P2 application Bleaching
Chlorine contained wastewater
Total free chlorine (oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [B2 Changing to less hazardous materials]
Bio-bleaching (white rod fungi) [B1 improving operation]
Paper making
White water
Steam (water vapor) from drying paper
Rejected paper
Recycle white water back to the bleach plant for use as shower water and pulp dilution water. [D2 Recycle]
Recycling water evaporated from drying process by condensing (D2 recycle)
Re-pulping rejected paper [D2 Recycle]