1. + + Stem e Personal Endings = Stud Stude Tac Tace Present Tense Active
2nd Conjugation- +
Stem e +
Personal Endings =
Stud
Stude
Tac
Tace
Sing Plu.
1st Studeo Studemus
2nd Studes Studetis
3rd Studet Student
Sing Plu.
1st Taceo Tacemus
2nd Taces Tacetis
3rd Tacet Tacent
Sing Plu.
1st I study We study
2nd You study Ya’ll study
3rd He study They study
Sing Plu.
1st I am quiet We are quiet
2nd You are quiet Ya’ll are quiet
3rd He is quiet They are quiet

2. + + + Personal Endings Stem e ba = Studeba Stud Stude Tac Tace Taceba
Imperfect Tense Active
2nd Conjugation-
Personal Endings +
Stem e + + ba =
Studeba
Stud
Stude
Tac
Tace
Taceba
Sing Plu.
1st Studebam Studebamus
2nd Studebas Studebatis
3rd Studebat Studebant
Sing Plu.
1st Tacebam Tacebamus
2nd Tacebas Tacebatis
3rd Tacebat Tacebant
Sing Plu.
1st I was studying We were studying
2nd You were studying Ya’ll were studying
3rd He was studying They were studying
Sing Plu.
1st I was being quiet We were being quiet
2nd You were being quiet Ya’ll were being quiet
3rd He was being quiet They were being quiet

3. Stem [bo bi bi bi bi bu] PE Future Tense Active
1st and 2nd Conjugation
Stem
Vowel
[bo bi bi bi bi bu] PE + + + =
1st -a-
2nd -e-
Sing Plu.
1st Studabo Studabimus
2nd Studabis Studabitis
3rd Studabit Studabunt
Sing Plu.
1st Tacebo Tacebimus
2nd Tacebis Tacebitis
3rd Tacebit Tacebunt
Sing Plu.
1st I will study We will study
2nd You will study Yall will study
3rd He will study They will study
Sing Plu.
1st I will be quiet We will be quiet
2nd You will be quiet Yall will be quiet 3rd He will be quiet They will be quiet

4. Stem PE Duc Reper Present Tense Active 3rd and 4th Conjugation Vowel +=
3rd -i-
4th -i-
(3rd-io) –i-
Duc
Reper
Sing Plu.
1st Duco Ducimus
2nd Ducis Ductis
3rd Ducit Ducunt
Sing Plu.
1st Reperio Reperimus
2nd Reperis Reperitis
3rd Reperit Reperiunt
Sing Plu.
1st I lead We lead
2nd You lead Ya’ll lead
3rd He leads They lead
Sing. Plu.
1st I find We find
2nd You find Ya’ll find
3rd He finds They find

5. Stem -ba- PE Duc Reper Imperfect Tense Active 3rd and 4th Conjugation
VowelShift
Stem
-ba- PE + + + =
3rd -e-
4th -ie-
(3rd-io) –ie-
Duc
Reper
Sing Plu.
1st Ducebam Ducebamus
2nd Ducebas Ducebatis
3rd Ducebat Ducebant
Sing Plu.
1st Reperiebam Reperiebamus
2nd Reperiebas Reperiebatis
3rd Reperiebat Reperiebant
Sing Plu.
1st I was leading We were leading
2nd You were leading Yall were leading
3rd He was leading They were leading
Sing Plu.
1st I was finding We were finding
2nd You were finding Yall were finding
3rd He was finding They were finding

6. Stem PE Future Tense 3rd and 4th Conjugation Vowel Shift
Exception to Vowel Rule:
- Use “a” in the 1st person singular for the 3rd and 4th
Vowel
Shift
Stem + + PE =
3rd -e-
4th -ie-
(3rd -io-) –ie-
Sing Plu.
1st Ducam Ducemus
2nd Duces Ducetis
3rd Ducet Ducent
Sing Plu.
1st Reperiam Reperiemus
2nd Reperies Reperietis
3rd Reperiet Reperient
Sing Plu.
1st I will lead We will lead
2nd You will lead Yall will lead
3rd He will lead They will lead
Sing Plu.
1st I will find We will find
2nd You will find Yall will find
3rd He will find They will find

7. - ba Imperfect Form Ducet Ducebat Ducebat Future Tense Active
3rd and 4th Conjugation- Alternate Perspective
Imperfect Form - ba
Ducet =
Ducebat
Ducebat
Sing Plu.
1st Ducam Ducemus
2nd Duces Ducetis
3rd Ducet Ducent
Sing Plu.
1st Reperiam Reperiemus
2nd Reperies Reperietis
3rd Reperiet Reperient
Sing Plu.
1st I will lead We will lead
2nd You will lead Yall will lead
3rd He will lead They will lead
Sing Plu.
1st I will find We will find
2nd You will find Yall will find
3rd He will find They will find

8. RRRRRRRRRRRR The Passive Voice! A Pirate’s Favorite
Voice…at least in the present system…
RRRRRRRRRRRR

9. What’s Passive Voice In English again?+
Passive Participle
If you don’t know what a participle is…most of the time it’s the –ED form of the verb.
Ex. See, Saw, Seen
Ex. Kick, Kicked, Kicked
Form of TO BE
Is or Are
Was or Were
Will be
This tells you the tense in English!
Add Being for continuous actions!

10. The teacher kicks the desk - Active
For Example: What is happening in the picture?
The teacher kicks the desk - Active
The desk is kicked by the teacher - Passive

11. For Example: What is happening in the picture?
IN LATIN
Magister mensam calcitrat
Mensa ab Magistro calcitratur

12. Active -o, m -mus -s -tis -t -nt Passive -r -mur -ris -mini -tur -ntur
Active vs Passive Endings
Active
-o, m -mus
-s -tis
-t -nt
Passive
-r -mur
-ris -mini
-tur -ntur
1st
2nd
3rd
(Most, Must, Isn’t)
All active rules apply except for a couple of endings.

13. Active Passive amo amamus amor amamur amas amatis amaris amamini
Examples! Present Tense
Active
amo amamus
amas amatis
amat amant
Passive
amor amamur
amaris amamini
amatur amantur
1st
2nd
3rd
All active rules apply except for a couple of endings.

14. Passive Amabar Amabamur Amabaris Amabamini Amabatur Amabantur 1st 2nd
Examples! Imperfect Tense
Passive
Amabar Amabamur
Amabaris Amabamini
Amabatur Amabantur
Translations?
1st
2nd
3rd
All active rules apply except for a couple of endings.

15. Passive Amabor Amabimur Amaberis Amabimini Amabitur Amabuntur 1st 2nd
Examples! Future Tense
Passive
Amabor Amabimur
Amaberis Amabimini
Amabitur Amabuntur
Translations?
1st
2nd
3rd
All active rules apply except for a couple of endings.

16. Active sumo sumimus sumis sumitis sumit sumunt Passive sumor sumimur
Examples! Present Tense
Active
sumo sumimus
sumis sumitis
sumit sumunt
Passive
sumor sumimur
sumeris sumimini
sumitur sumuntur
1st
2nd
3rd
All active rules apply except for a couple of endings.

17. Passive sumebar sumebamur sumebaris sumebamini sumebatur sumebantur
Examples! Imperfect Tense
Passive
sumebar sumebamur
sumebaris sumebamini
sumebatur sumebantur
Translations?
1st
2nd
3rd
All active rules apply except for a couple of endings.

18. Passive sumar sumemur sumēris sumemini sumetur sumentur 1st 2nd
Examples! Future Tense
Passive
sumar sumemur
sumēris sumemini
sumetur sumentur
Translations?
1st
2nd
3rd
All active rules apply except for a couple of endings.

19. Magister ab mensa calcitratur
Back in Bizzarro Land…
The teacher is kicked by the desk.
Helpful Notes: Calcitro, calcitrare = kick
Magister ab mensa calcitratur

20. Discipuli ab mensis calcitrantur
Back in Bizzarro Land… the army of Desks rise up and
The students are kicked by the desks
Helpful Notes: Calcitro, calcitrare = kick
Discipuli ab mensis calcitrantur

21. Nostri postulatus audientur
The Classics department of Harvard goes on strike. They want to chant “Our demands will be heard!” in Latin…cause it’s the classics department…and that’s what they would do… at the President’s window. What would they say?
Helpful Notes: Demands = Postulatus
Our = Noster
Nostri postulatus audientur

22. After the president of college looked out his office window and yells back “What?!?”
A confused professor turns to his colleague and asks, “Are we not being heard?” But…you know, in Latin. What did he say?
Audimur?

23. Non Audiebamur. Fenestra claudebatur.
The colleague answers: We were not heard.
The window was not opened.
Non Audiebamur.
Fenestra claudebatur.

24. The Borg, having assimilated the Romulans, invade and broadcast across the world in Latin: You will be assimilated! What did they say?
Helpful Hint: arripio, arripere = to absorb
Arripiemini…

25. Now stating the obvious, The Borg continue with: You are being assimilated! after they catch you personally… because having your last independent thought before being absorbed into a hive mind just had to be more Latin.
Helpful Hint: arripio, arripere = to absorb
Arriperis…

26. Arripiebaris… Agitis gratias et Agite bonum diem!
Now in the hive mind you sense the words “You were assimilated; Thank you and have a nice day.”
Helpful Hint: arripio, arripere = to absorb
Arripiebaris…
Agitis gratias et
Agite bonum diem!

27. Three irises are discordant for a face
Exceptions?
Exception I:
In the 3rd conjugation Present 2nd Person Singular
(of course the 3rd…)
-I- is usually the vowel between the stem and ending (the glue vowel)
-In Present 2nd Person Singular, the ending is not
-iris but instead -Eris
Three irises are discordant for a face
(Eris is the goddess of discord… get it?
… what? I’d like to see you do better)

28. Exceptions? Exception II:
In the 1st and 2nd conjugation Future 2nd Person Singular
-In Future 2nd Person Singular, the ending is not
-bi-ris but instead -be-ris