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The American Civil War 1861–1865 CICERO © 2010
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Causes Many people agree slavery was the main cause for the war.
In addition, sectional differences led to conflicts. different lifestyles and cultures. Differences in the economic life Southern states also began to question the extent of the federal government’s power. CICERO © 2010
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Abolitionist Movement
Abolitionists wanted slaves to be freed. CICERO © 2010
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How does this painting, Tragic Prelude, represent the debate over
slavery prior to the Civil War?
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The Leaders Union Confederacy
Jefferson Davis was President of the Confederate States of America. Mexican War- officer in the United States Army, served as the United States Secretary of War. Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth President of the United States Opposed the expansion of slavery. CICERO © 2010
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The Generals Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee William T. Sherman
Thomas Jackson George Meade James Longstreet George B. McClellan James E.B. Stuart CICERO © 2010
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Strategies Anaconda Plan King Cotton CICERO © 2010
Suggested by General Winfield Scott to halt Southern trade Enabled the North to control the Mississippi River. Army would divide and isolate sections of the South and capture its vital cities and the capital in Richmond, Virginia. North’s strategy kept pressure on Lee’s army to weaken their numbers. King Cotton adopted a defensive strategy attempted to secure alliances with more powerful countries such as Britain and France. As the war continued, the Southern strategy became one of evading the Union army and prolonging the war CICERO © 2010
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Weapons of the Civil War
canister shot artillery projectile rifled barrel officer’s sword Springfield rifle, (Union) Although the Union used many types of rifles, this was the most common. British Enfield rifle, (Confederacy) Although the Confederacy used many types of rifles, this was the most common. minié ball CICERO © 2010
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Uniforms At the beginning of the Civil War, states provided uniforms
Uniforms were in a variety of colors- led to massive confusion on the battlefield As the war continued, both sides chose a single color for their uniforms : Union- Blue -Confederacy- Gray CICERO © 2010
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Major Battles of the Civil War
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Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 1st Shots of the Civil War
South Carolina 1st Shots of the Civil War Morning, April 12th, 1861 Confederates launched an attack Union returned fire, but were ineffective Fort surrendered a day later; 1 Confederate soldier and 4 Union soldiers killed CICERO © 2010
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First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861
Virginia First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861 The First Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21, 1861. lasted about five hours. Confederate forces began to retreat due to losses, except General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson continued to fight Union casualties were high, almost three thousand; and the Confederates suffered two thousand casualties. CICERO © 2010
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Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 Tennessee
Battle of Shiloh raged from April 6 until April 7, 1862. Union troops had found unprepared Confederate General Confederates suffered many losses. On the second day the Union army claimed ground Confederacy had exceptional defense and stopped the Union CICERO © 2010
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The War at Sea Battle of the Ironclads also is known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack. First naval battle between two ironclad ships Neither side claimed victory in this battle Ironclad, steam-driven ships were at a decisive advantage against wooden sailing vessels. CICERO © 2010
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Antietam September 17, 1862 Maryland
The Battle of Antietam- fought on September 16–18, 1862. It was a confrontation between Union (McClellan) and Confederate (Lee) forces Federal armies brutalized the Confederacy; the combined casualties were more than twenty-three thousand. The two sides fought to a standstill, and both armies withdrew. Bloodiest Battle ever fought CICERO © 2010
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Fredericksburg December 13, 1862
Virginia Fredericksburg December 13, 1862 Fredericksburg was the site of a battle in December 1862. Union General Burnside led a march on Richmond. General Lee positioned his army, deploying snipers Union soldiers were left in the open and became easy prey for Confederate troops. Burnside had no choice but to retreat with the remnants of his army. CICERO © 2010
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Women in War: Clara Barton
Nurse to Union Troops Nicknamed “Angel of the Battlefield” Fought at Vicksburg and Antietam Worked at the War Dept Founded the Red Cross CICERO © 2010
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The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Plan to end slavery in the rebellious states. The Confederate government claimed Lincoln could not issue laws over states in which he had no political control. CICERO © 2010
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Vicksburg May 2-July 9, 1863 Mississippi
The North and the South considered Vicksburg an important stronghold- gained control of the Mississippi River Union General Ulysses S. Grant launched massive assaults on Vicksburg and terrorized the inhabitants. Confederate General John Pemberton surrendered to Grant on July 3, 1863. CICERO © 2010
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Pennsylvania Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Lee planned several attacks, including attacks at Peach Orchard and Devil’s Den. The Union army fought back, repelling Confederate attacks and sending them back to Culp’s Hill. Lee was relentless and sent his army back into battle, but to no avail. Considered the Turning Point of the War CICERO © 2010
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The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863
Abraham Lincoln delivered this famous speech on November 19, 1863, to a crowd gathered at the dedication of Soldier’s National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The speech contains only two hundred seventy-two words, but it is considered one of the greatest speeches in American history. CICERO © 2010
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Sherman’s March to the Sea November 15-December 20, 1864
Union General William T. Sherman already had captured Atlanta, but marched the rest of his army to the Atlantic Ocean Sherman’s soldiers faced fewer than five thousand Confederate soldiers. Sherman’s troops burned buildings and infrastructures along the way, destroying many towns and cities. Sherman’s troops defeated the depleted Confederate army and took Savannah on December 22, 1864. As the Union army moved through the South, they destroyed train tracks by heating the rails and bending them into a bow. This became known as “Sherman’s Neckties” CICERO © 2010
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Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
Virginia Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 General Lee surrendered his Confederate army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865. Lee’s army had diminished, which contributed to Union General Grant’s many victories near the end of the war. In a sign of respect, Grant allowed Lee to keep his saber and horse. CICERO © 2010
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Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865
He was killed on April 14, 1865, while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. Lincoln was watching Our American Cousin when John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head. Booth was a loyal Confederate, and he thought the Confederacy could triumph if Lincoln were dead. Booth jumped off the balcony and broke his ankle, but managed to escape the theater. Lincoln died of his fatal wound the next morning. CICERO © 2010
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Medal of Honor Winners William Carney Philip Bazaar
54th Massachusetts's Regiment Sargent was shot down, he then carried the flag from then on Shot at and wounded Received Medal of Honor- 1st African American Recipient Philip Bazaar Born in Chile, South America Union Navy, USS Santiago de Cuba Carried Dispatches during the Assault on Ft. Fisher 1 of 6 men who entered fort CICERO © 2010
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Legacy of the War The Civil War was the bloodiest war in American history. It has been referred to as “The War Between the States,” More than 600,000 Americans lost their lives, and countless others were wounded severely. The Civil War led to passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteen Amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments outlawed slavery, granted African Americans United States citizenship, and granted African-American males the right to vote. CICERO © 2010
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