1. Basic
1964 PC
general purpose
Imperative
Small
Easy to use

2. C 1972 PC programs structured programming lexical variable scope
recursion
1972

3. Scheme PC
tail-call optimization
first-class continuations
1975

4. multi-paradigm programming language
Python
PC programming
multi-paradigm programming language
object-oriented
dynamic typing
memory management
1991

5. Java
memory management
Portable
Multithreaded
1995

6. Ruby 1990s Web dev duck typing Lexical closures Garbage collection
Exception handling
1990s

7. C#
Portability
imperative
declarative
2000

8. Introduction into programming
Scratch
Introduction into programming
Block based
Drag and drop
2000

9. server-side scripting
PHP
server-side scripting
Web modification
Database management
1994

10. JavaScript Web dev Dynamic interpreted programming language
First-class functions
Run-time environment

11. Client server web applications
Visual Basic .NET
Client server web applications
Portability
Security
Memory management
2002

12. Pascal 1968 PC programming imperative and procedural p
small and efficient rogramming
1968

13. COBOL
business use
object-oriented
1959

14. large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs
Perl
Mainframe computers
large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs

15. ALGOL 68 1968 Theory programming scientific computations
lexical and syntactic structures
1968

16. Prolog 1972 artificial intelligence declarative
based on logical programming with Horn clauses
fully integrated fact databases
supports direct linkage with C/C++
1972

17. general-purpose purely functional programming language,
Haskell
general-purpose purely functional programming language,
Type inference
Concurrent
Packages
1990

18. C++ 1983 PC programming huge Function Library
Flexible language with Versatility
Machine Independent Language
1983

19. Assembly
Low level computer interfacing
shows binary as mnemonics
1949