1. Algal blooms

2. WATER POLLUTION TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION-CHEMICALS ETC.
WATER BORNE DISEASES
EUTROPHICATION
SEWAGE TREATMENT
OXYGEN SAG CURVE
BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION
SOLUTIONS

6. In the early 1960s, the Soviet government decided the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea, the Amu Darya in the south and the Syr Darya in the east, would be diverted to irrigate the desert, in an attempt to grow rice, melons, cereals, and cotton

7. https://upload. wikimedia \

9. Figure 12.3 Lake Chad 1973-2001 Figure 12.3
The area of Lake Chad (the blue area in both images) has been reduced by more than 90% as a result of lower rainfall, diminished fl ows in the Chari River, and overutilization of lake water.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

15. Figure 12.5 Water Budget 271 km3/day About 1/4 of total global
precipitation falls on land
ATMOSPHERE
Contains 12,600 km3 of water
Precipitation
Evaporation
170 km3/day
Most of the rain that falls on land
evaporates back to the atmosphere
from land surfaces and plant leaves
(evapotranspiration).
989 km3/day
LAND
Streams, lakes, and
groundwater contain
4,124,200 km3
of water
Most water flux occurs between the
oceans and the atmosphere
888 km3/day
101 km3/day
Label Edit
Figure 12.5
Only a minuscule fraction of Earth's water is in the atmosphere at any moment. Evaporation and precipitation move water through the atmosphere and bring fresh water to the land.
Precipitation
Runoff and
groundwater
OCEANS
Contain 1,230,000,000 km3 of water
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

22. Disease organisms Typhoid-bacteria Dysentary-bacteria or amoeba
Schistosomiasis - worm
Polio-virus
Cholera-bacteria

24. WATER POLLUTION POLLUTANTS DISEASE ORGANISMS SEWAGE TREATMENT
OXYGEN SAG CURVE
EUTROPHICATION

27. BOD-BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
• EXPRESSED IN mgO per liter of H2O
• Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up organic chemical
• Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of 295mgO2/l-influent
• Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5mgO2/liter-effluent

28. SEWAGE
ACTIVATED SLUDGE
TRICKLING FILTER

31. Secondary treatments
1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE 2. TRICKLING FILTER

34. Sewage organisms

36. BOD-BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
EXPRESSED IN mgO per liter of H2O
Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up organic chemical
Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of 295mgO2/l-influent
Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a
BOD of 5mgO2/liter-effluent

37. SEWAGE TREATMENT PRIMARY TREATMENT-SETTLING OUT HEAVY ITEMS
SECONDARY TREATMENT
a. activated sludge
b. trickling filter
c. oxidation ponds
Septic tanks

45. plume
A concentrated mass of pollution

46. eutrophication

47. eutrophication Oligotrophic-few nutrients
Mesotrophic-moderate amount of nutrients
Eutrophic-many nutrients

58. Activated carbon

61. Runoff from land

62. BIOMAGNIFICATION AND BIOACCUMULATION

63. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
DDT concentration: increase
of 10 million times
DDT in fish-eating
birds 25 ppm
DDT in large fish
2 ppm
Biomagnification
When DDT is sprayed on agricultural fields and marshes, it eventually flows into streams, lakes, and oceans. Because DDT is stored in animal tissues and not metabolized, it becomes increasingly concentrated in the tissues of animals at higher trophic levels.
DDT in small fish
0.5 ppm
DDT in zooplankton
0.04 ppm
DDT in water
ppm
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 63

64. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
DDT in large fish
2 ppm
DDT in small fish
0.5 ppm
Biomagnification
When DDT is sprayed on agricultural fields and marshes, it eventually flows into streams, lakes, and oceans. Because DDT is stored in animal tissues and not metabolized, it becomes increasingly concentrated in the tissues of animals at higher trophic levels.
DDT in zooplankton
0.04 ppm
DDT in water
ppm
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.