1. Human immunodeficiency virus
Janos Minarovits, M.D., D.Sc.
Microbiological Research Group,
National Center for Epidemiology
Budapest

2. Retroviridae (family) -coding for reverse transcriptase RNA→DNA
Oncornavirinae (subfamily): HTLV I & II
Lentivirinae (subfamily): HIV-1, HIV-2
Spumavirinae (subfamily): human foamy virus

3. Retroviridae, basic observations
Transduction of cellular oncogenes
Promoter insertion
Non-cytopathic viruses (Oncornavirinae, Spumavirinae)
Viral interference

19. COINFECTION
CONSECUTIVE INFECTION
HETEROZYGOTE VIRUS
RECOMBINANT VIRUS

21. Lentivirinae, clinical features
Symptomps appear after a long period of incubation
Immunosuppression
Involvement of the haemopoietic system
Involvement of the central nervous system
Autoimmunity may develop (arthritis)

22. Lentivirinae Species-specific, exogenous, non-oncogenic viruses
▪ Cytopathic effect in certain host cells but not in macrophages
▪ Accumulation of non-integrated cDNA in infected cells
▪ Latent infection of certain host cells

23. Lentivirinae, molecular virological features
Relatively large genome (9 kb)
Several processed gag proteins, heavily glycosylated env proteins
Genetic variability, especially in env
A new open regaing frame between pol and env
Coding of „accessory” proteins

25. HIV, SIV
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

27. Sooty Mangabey

30. HIV seropositive individuals in Hungary

31. Phylogenetic analysis
gp120
Nested PCR
PCR1
PCR2
Nested PCR
PCR1
PCR2
Cloning
(TOPO TA klónozó kit)
Heteroduplex mobility assay
HMA
Sequencing
Phylogenetic analysis
PHYLIP

32. Sequence diversity, Hungarian isolates, C2V3 region (env)
17.5±3.4% ( )

33. HIV, major routes of transmission
Sexual contact
HIV infected blood or tissue
Mother to child
● Homosexual
● I.v. drug users, shared needles
● Transplacental
●Heterosexual
●Blood transfusion
● During birth
● Artificial insemination
● Blood products
● Milk
● Organ or bone marrow transplantation
● Contaminated medical devices

38. HIV-1 surface glycoprotein (gp120)

39. Amino acid sequences of Hungarian HIV-1 isolates from treated patients, C2V3 region, env
V3 régió tetramer szekvenciái
GPGR
GPGK
GPGS
GRGR
GHRR
GPGQ
Előfordulási gyakoriság 5 2 1

40. NSI (non-syncytium-inducing)
HIV-1, biological phenotypes
NSI Vírus
SI Vírus
SI Vírus
NSI (non-syncytium-inducing)
SI (syncytium-inducing)
asymptomatic stage
macrophage tropic
growth: slow/low
CCR5 usage
(R5 vírus)
symptomatic stage
T-cell tropic
growth: rapid/high
CXCR4 usage
(X4 vírus)