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Neurological Basis for Speech and Language
MCB 163: Mammalian Neuroanatomy 01 December, 2005 Neurological Basis for Speech and Language Bradley Voytek Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California – Berkeley
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Aphasia Patient “Tan” (Leborgne) Could answer questions with gestures
Could say a few curse words, “tan” Broca hoped to disprove cortical specialty In autopsy, found an abscess in Tan’s brain 1865 paper showed localization to left frontal lobe (Broca’s area) Pierre Paul Broca
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Aphasia Another region? Not all language disturbances were speech
Not all disturbances involved Broca’s area Loss of words comprehension 1874 paper showed localization to left temporal lobe (Wernicke’s area) Carl Wernicke
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Broca’s Area
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Wernicke’s Area
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Speech & Language Regions
Broca’s (BA 44, 45): Inf prefrontal gyrus Wernicke’s (BA 22): Post sup temporal gyrus at the T-P junction Arcuate fasciculus: Axon tract connecting Broca’s with Wernicke’s
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Brodmann’s Areas
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Types of Disorders Broca’s & expressive aphasias
Wernicke’s & receptive aphasias Transcortical motor aphasia Transcortical sensory aphasia Conduction aphasia Global aphasia Subcortical aphasia Anomia Alexia Apraxia
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Broca’s Aphasia Nature Symptoms
True Broca’s aphasia manifests with damage to several areas including: Broca’s area Left insula Left arcuate fasciculus Symptoms Loss of fluency and articulation Inability to repeat complex sentences Impaired comprehension of complex sentences
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Broca’s Aphasia
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Broca’s Aphasia MRI Video Patient Video
Did you notice his right arm and hand?
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Broca’s Aphasia Anterior insula
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Broca’s Aphasia (2005) Anterior insula & arcuate fasciculus
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Fluent aphasia Wernike’s aphasia Nonsensible speech
Not able to comprehend others speech Damage to unimodal association cortex in area 22 Superior temporal gyrus
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Nonfluent aphasia Broca’s aphasia Agrammatic Telegraphic speech
Difficulty using the words: but, if, or, to , from
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LF arcuate fasciculus, LF parietal, insula
aphasia Aphasia syndromes Fluency Comprehension Repetition Naming region Broca’s nonfluent Intact Impaired LF frontal, insular Transcortical motor intact LF supp. motor global impaired LF, wide area Wernicke’s fluent LF temporo-parietal Transcortical sensory LF parietal, inferior conduction LF arcuate fasciculus, LF parietal, insula anomic LF angular g.
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Paraphasia Neologistic Semantic Phonemic
Often a feature of other aphasias Neologistic Invention of new words: ‘glipt’ or ‘crint’ Semantic Word substitution, similar meaning: ‘knife’ for ‘spoon’ Phonemic Sound substitution: ‘scoon’ for ‘spoon’
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Global Aphasia Damage so widespread is usually caused by MCA infarct
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Global Aphasia
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