1. The history of the German language
Done by:
3-year students
Full-time education form
Direction of training: Organisation Management
Polina Kurenkova, Vera Pantsurkina, Fedor Kuzmin.
2017

3. The history of German language dates back to the early Middle Ages, when the languages of the ancient Germans begin to contact each other, creating the ground for the formation of a common language.
Based on the features of the historical
development of the German language,
four main periods of its existence
are distinguished (without taking into
account the Pragermanic language).

4. Althochdeutsch (about 750 - approx. 1050 year).
As a result of the second movement of consonants,
a phonetic system is formed.
Complex verb times of Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt
are formed. The literature of this period is mainly represented
by church and religious monuments.

5. Mittelhochdeutsch (about 1050 - approx. 1350).
The formation of the phonetic system continues.
The infinitive of the verb acquires a modern form.
There is a flourishing of German knightly poetry.

6. Frühneuhochdeutsch (about 1350 - approx. 1650).
The formation of grammatical categories
of the noun continues. The syntactic
structure of sentences becomes more
complicated.
The first attempts to normalize
the grammar are made. Words are borrowed
from French and Italian. Thanks to Luther's
activities, a written rule begins to form.

7. Neuhochdeutsch (approximately since 1650).
German was the language of commerce and
government in the Habsburg Empire, which
encompassed a large area of Central and
Eastern Europe.
Until about 1800, standard German was
Almost solely a written language.
Media and written works are almost all
produced in standard German (often called
Hochdeutsch in German), which is understood
in all German-speaking areas.

8. In 1880, grammatical and orthographic rules first
appeared in the Duden Handbook. In 1901,
this was declared the standard definition of
the German language.
Standard German orthography subsequently went
essentially unrevised until 1998, when the German
spelling reform of 1996 was officially promulgated
by government representatives of Germany, Austria,
Liechtenstein, and Switzerland

9. 1 Aug 2006 in Germany came into force on the third and final version of the law on the reform of German spelling. The new rules of punctuation and spelling obligatory for all without an exception of state institutions and for education.
The reform abolishes 87 of 212 of the rules of spelling, instead of 52 of the rules of punctuation were only 12.

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