1. Carbon based molecules
Macromolecules
Carbon based molecules

2. 4 types of macromolecules
Carbohydrates (p. 46)
Lipids (p. 46)
Proteins (p. 47)
Nucleic Acids (p. 230)

3. Monomers & Polymers Monomer = individual subunit (mono = one)
Polymer = many monomers together (poly = many)

4. Carbohydrates (p. 46) Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose)
Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure.
Polymer (cellulose)
Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure
monomer

5. Lipids (p. 46)

6. Proteins (p. 47)

7. Nucleic Acids (p. 230) nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base
A phosphate group
nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base
deoxyribose (sugar)

8. Carbohydrates
Notice its rings and how it is branched

9. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen rings (1:2:1 ratio; ex: C6H12O6)
Function: Broken down to provide quick energy for your body
Includes sugars and starches
Examples are :
vegetables, fruits, sugar

10. Carbohydrates Monosaccharide – simple sugars; fructose & glucose
There are 3 types:
Monosaccharide – simple sugars; fructose & glucose
Disaccharides – 2+ monosaccharides; sucrose
Polysaccharides – starches, glycogen, and cellulose (celery)

11. Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose)
Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure.
Polymer (cellulose)
Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure
monomer

12. Lipids
Notice the long chains and double bonds

13. Lipids
Nonpolar
Include fats, steroids, hormones, waxes, and cholesterol
Contain chains of carbon bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms
Functions:
Very necessary for your body since they give you long term energy storage.
Make up the cell membrane (phospholipids)
Used to make hormones

14. Lipids

15. Phospholipid

16. Lipids Saturated fats have single bonds and break easy (butter)
Unsaturated fats have double bonds and your body has a hard time processing them (olive oil)

17. Proteins
Notice there is nitrogen in the protein structure

18. Proteins
THE most important macromolecule for building your body!! (Tools of your body)
Everything on your natural body is a protein (skin, hair)
Made of amino acids (20 total; your body can make 12 of them; the rest is from food)
Meats, beans, nuts, eggs
Enzymes are proteins
Enables digestion
Even your blood is a protein

19. Nucleic Acids
Notice that nucleic acids contain nitrogen rings and phosphates
A phosphate group
nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base
deoxyribose (sugar)

21. Nucleic Acids Made of nucleotides
Function: contain the instructions to build protein in your body
Genetic information
Examples: DNA and RNA
DNA
RNA