1. Use of living colors in biology

2. used in modern cell biology
Among the living colors, green flourescent protein (GFP) is the most widely
used in modern cell biology

3. Jellyfish Aequoria victoria, one of the oldest species on earth, is the source GFP

4. Osamu Shimomura was the first person to isolate GFP from the jellyfish in the year He also found out the mechanism of fluorescence.

5. Martin Chalfie

6. Roger Tsien

7. The jellyfish produces green bioluminesence from small photoorgans located on its umbrella
There are four steps how it fluoresces in nature
Calcium binds to photoprotein aequorin
Aequorin emits blue light upon calcium binding
GFP absorbs blue light
GFP emits green light

8. p-hydroxybenzylidine-imidazolidone

9. Spectrum of GFP
The excitation spectrum of native GFP from A. victoria (blue) has two     excitation maxima at 395 nm and at 470 nm. The fluorescence emission  spectrum (green) has a peak at 509 nm and a shoulder at 540 nm.
                                          

10. Discovery of red fluorescence protein (RFP)
Sergey Lukyanov first found a GFP-like protein in deep sea corals, Anthozoa in 1991.
RFP
GFP

11. Cancer

12. Localization using GFP
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Mitochondria
Mitotic spindle
Spindle pole body
Bud neck

13. Use of multiple colors

14. LacO array
Step1
LACI
GFP
Step2
Step3
Step 4

15. TetO array
Step1
TETR
RFP
Step2
Step3
Step 4

16. Douglas Prasher