1. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion activities at Process & Energy
Carlos Infante Ferreira
TU Delft

2. Faculty 3mE Delft Center for Systems Control
Mechanical, Maritime & Materials Engineering
3mE
Delft Center for Systems Control
Precision and Microsystems Engineering
Process & Energy
BioMechanical Engineering
Maritime & Transport Technology
Materials Science and Engineering

3. Department Process & Energy
Energy Technology
Engineering Thermo dynamics
Fluid Mechanics
Intensified Reaction & Separation Systems

4. Efficiency of reversible thermodynamic cycles
Hot reservoir
Hot reservoir
Hot reservoir
Power cycle
Heat pump
Refrigeration cycle
Cold reservoir
Cold reservoir
Cold reservoir

5. Efficiency of power cycles

6. Mean annual temperature difference between 20 and 1000 m

7. Efficiency of OTEC cycle & effect of heat exchanger design

8. Finite flow of reservoir fluids
Hot reservoir
Power cycle
Cold reservoir

9. Efficiency of OTEC cycle & effect of heat exchanger design

10. Effect of working fluid selection
Pure fluid: ammonia Mixture: ammonia-water 96%

11. Effect of working fluid selection / cycle design
Pure fluid: ORC Mixture: Kalina cycle

12. Effect of cycle design: Multistage vs Kalina cycles
Courtesy: Mathijs Vonk

13. Efficiency of OTEC cycle & effect of heat exchanger design
Evaporator
Hot water
Condenser
Cold water

14. Heat exchanger design
Working fluid
Water
Courtesy: Menno Nuijten

15. Heat exchanger modelling for optimization purposes
Desorber
Absorber
Courtesy: Joost Kirkenier

16. Retail electricity price in Caribbean countries (€/kWh)

17. Economic feasibility
Courtesy: Joost Kirkenier

18. Integration with solar energy, air conditioning and sea water desalination

19. OTEC system challenges / conclusion
OTEC cycle related
Dedicated correlations heat & mass transfer & pressure drop
Cycle optimization / working fluid optimization
Heat exchanger optimization
Expander design
Technology for waste heat recovery
Integration of solar energy related
Use of solar energy for superheating / high pressure side increase
Need for (latent) heat storage
Economic feasibility
Modification of experimental set-up for validation purposes
Integration of direct contact desalination system
Detailing of direct contact condensation including nozzle design
Experimental set-up design / construction
Validation experiments

20. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion activities at Process & Energy
Thank you for your attention!