1. Arts and Humanities Music Review

2. Elements of Music
Rhythm
Tempo
Melody
Harmony
Form
Timbre
Dynamics

3. Rhythm
The pattern of notes and rests

4. Tempo
The speed of the music

5. Tempo Markings Largo Moderato Allegro Presto Very slow Medium speed
Fast tempo
Presto
Very fast

6. Melody
The main part of the song that can be hummed by the listener

7. Harmony
Two or more notes sounded together

8. Form The way the music is organized Overture
Introduction for operas and ballets

9. Types of Forms AB ABA Call and Response 2 contrasting sections
2 contrasting sections that repeats back to the 1st section
Call and Response
One group performs and another group echoes

10. Timbre The unique characteristic of sound VOCAL TIMBRES Soprano Alto
High Female Voice
Alto
Low Female Voice
Tenor
High Male Voice
Bass
Low Male Voice

11. INSTRUMENT FAMILIES Woodwind Brass String Percussion
Flute, Clarinet, Saxophone, Oboe, Bassoon
Brass
Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba
String
Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Guitar
Percussion
Drums, Xylophone, Tambourine, Cymbals

12. Dynamics The loudness or softness of music Pianissimo (pp) Very Soft
Piano (p) Soft
Mezzo Piano (mp) Moderately Soft
Mezzo Forte (mf) Moderately Loud
Forte (f) Loud
Fortissimo (ff) Very Loud

13. Music Symbols
Staff
Treble Clef
Bass Clef

14. Baroque Period Important Composers George Frederic Handel
Known for oratorios (“The Messiah”)
Johann Sebastian Bach
Cantatas for his church services

15. Classical Period Important Composers Franz Josef Haydn
“The father of the Symphony”
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Most well known is his “5th Symphony”

16. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
A child prodigy
Wrote many symphonies and operas

17. Romantic Period Important Composers Richard Wagner Peter Tchaikovsky
Known for his operas
Ride of the Valkyries
The Flying Dutchman
Peter Tchaikovsky
Known for his ballets
The Nutcracker, Swan Lake,
Romeo & Juliet

18. Modern Period Jazz Music Improvisation
Combines spirituals, blues, and improvisation to create a new and unique style
Improvisation
To create music
spontaneously
(“on the spot”)

19. Purposes of Music Ceremonial Artistic Recreational
Music for ceremonies and rituals
Star Spangled Banner, Wedding March
Artistic
Music used to express emotion
Ballet Music
Recreational
Music for Fun
Dance Music