1. Ken Roberts University of Liverpool
YOUTH TRANSITIONS
Ken Roberts
University of Liverpool

2. Then and now Longer Destandardised Non-linear Individualised
The transition paradigm
Origins>routes>destinations
Typologies of transition regimes
The economic context
Tumino A (2015), The Scarring Effect of Unemployment from the Early ‘90s to the Great Recession, Working Paper , Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester.

3. Transition regimes European Network on Transitions in Youth
Inaugural meeting, Barcelona 1993
Raffe D (2008), ‘The concept of transition system’, Journal of Education and Work, 21,
Raffe D (2014), ‘Explaining national differences in education-work transitions: twenty years of research on transition systems’, European Societies, 16,
The Esping Andersen typology of welfare regimes
Esping-Andersen G (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Applied to school-to-work transitions
Hammer T, ed (2003), Youth Unemployment and Social Exclusion in Europe, Policy Press, Bristol.

4. Typologies of economies and labour markets
Gangl M (2001), ‘European patterns of labour market entry: a dichotomy of occupationalized and non-occupationalized systems?’ European Societies, 3,
Szdlik M (2002), ‘Vocational education and labour markets in deregulated, flexibly coordinated and planned societies’, European Societies, 4,
VET in labour markets that are:
Occupationalised/flexibly coordinated
Non-occupationalised/deregulated
Full employment and its absence

5. Current problems of: Occupationalised regimes
Slow to respond to economic and technological change
Expensive for employers
Unregulated regimes
Uncapped expansion of general/academic upper secondary and higher education
New vocational routes
The change driver: deregulated capital markets

6. Issues for researchers
Knowledge of own countries
Optimum number of countries in comparative studies
Other transitions: housing and family transitions for example
Migration

7. References
Esping-Andersen G (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Gangl M (2001), ‘European patterns of labour market entry: a dichotomy of occupationalized and non-occupationalized systems?’ European Societies, 3,
Raffe D (2008), ‘The concept of transition system’, Journal of Education and Work, 21,
Raffe D (2014), ‘Explaining national differences in education-work transitions: twenty years of research on transition systems’, European Societies, 16,
Szdlik M (2002), ‘Vocational education and labour markets in deregulated, flexibly coordinated and planned societies’, European Societies, 4,
Tumino A (2015), The Scarring Effect of Unemployment from the Early ‘90s to the Great Recession, Working Paper , Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester.
Woodman D and Wyn J (2015), Youth and Generation: Rethinking Change and Inequality in the Lives of Young People, Sage, London.