1. Body
Systems
“Can anyone name some examples of body systems they may know?” This PowerPoint will cover what they do, their importance, and common problems/injuries associated with them.
TEK: HE.6A
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2. Digestive System
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3. Digestive system What does it do?
It breaks down food and drink into smaller pieces so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy.
Common problems/injuries? Heartburn (acid reflux), ulcers, gallstones, IBS, constipation, Crohn’s disease
Discuss what it does and common problems. “IBS is irritable bowel syndrome causing discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, and/or constipation. Crohn’s disease is a type of IBS that can cause chronic inflammation in the GI tract causing bloody diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, etc. These problems are usually genetic, but can be caused by interactions between environmental, immunological, and bacterial factors.”
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4. Digestive System Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine
Have students label parts of the digestive system on their own before showing answers.
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
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5. Nervous System
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6. Nervous system What does it do?
Sensory neurons take information from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin to the brain.
Motor neurons carry messages away from the brain and back to the rest of the body.
Common problems/injuries?
Brain tumors, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, concussions, meningitis, mental illnesses, migraines
Discuss what it does and common problems. “Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture that is caused by injury or abnormal development in the immature brain, usually before birth. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes seizures.”
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7. Central Nervous System
The Nervous System
Is divided into 2 sections
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum – 85% of the brain, controls thinking, long- and short term memory
Cerebellum – located at the back of the
brain, controls balance
Spinal Cord – connects neurons to the brain
What does the central nervous consist of? The cerebrum consists of 85% of the brain, controls thinking, and is where our short- and long-term memory comes from. The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain and controls balance. The spinal cord connects neurons to the brain.
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8. Peripheral Nervous System
Made up of a huge network of interconnecting neurons across the body
Cranial Nerve – affects motion and feeling in the face; it does not pass through the spinal cord
What makes up the PNS? Made up of neurons. The cranial nerve affects motion and feeling in the face.
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9. Endocrine System
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10. ENDOCRINE system ENDOCRINE = HORMONES What does it do?
It helps regulate and maintain various body functions making and releasing hormones.
Common problems/injuries? Diabetes, thyroid disorders
Discuss what it does and common problems. “The pancreas is the organ affected by diabetes.”
ENDOCRINE = HORMONES
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11. Endocrine System Pituitary Gland
“Master Gland”; controls all endocrine glands
Hypothalamus
Controls metabolism and homeostasis
Thyroid Gland
Regulates metabolism
Parathyroid Gland
Controls calcium in blood and bones
Adrenal Gland
Controls metabolism and stress responses
Pinal Gland
Regulates wake/sleep cycle
Reproductive Glands
Controls sex hormones
Pancreas
Aids in food digestion and controls blood sugar levels
List the parts of the endocrine system and what they do. (Define metabolism – how your body converts food into the energy needed. So if you have a “high or fast” metabolism, your body converts food more efficiently into energy. Define homeostasis – maintain internal stability; state of equilibrium.)
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12. Respiratory System
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13. Respiratory system What does it do? It supplies the blood with oxygen.
We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This gas exchange is how we get the oxygen in the blood.
Common problems/injuries?
Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia
Discuss what it does and common problems.
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14. Respiratory System A – Lungs B – Alveoli C – Nasal Cavity D – Mouth
E – Trachea
F – Diaphragm
G – Epiglottis
H – Bronchia
I – Pharynx I G H
Have students label parts of the respiratory system on their own before showing answers. (Trachea is the windpipe. When you touch your neck, you can feel the rings of the trachea. The esophagus is located behind your trachea. The epiglottis is the flap that shuts off entry to the trachea so food won’t get in there when you swallow. Hiccups are spasms (sudden, involuntary contractions) of the diaphragm).
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15. Respiratory System Nasal cavity is lined with…
Cilia ~ which filter the air
Mucous Membrane ~ which moistens the air
Blood Capillaries ~ which warm the air
List what lines the nasal cavity and what each does to the air we breathe.
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16. Circulatory System
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17. Circulatory system What does it do?
It circulates blood through the body. This is our “blood pressure,” which is the contraction and relaxation of our heart muscle.
Systole = Contraction
Diastole = Relaxation
Average Blood pressure is 120 / 80.
Common problems/injuries?
Atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, angina, aneurysm, arrhythmia
Discuss what the CS does and common problems. “Systole is contraction of the heart pumping blood to the rest of the body. That is why the number is bigger than diastole. Diastole is relaxation of the heart, which means the blood is moving from the atrium to the ventricle. This is why the number is smaller. The blood doesn’t have very far to travel so the pressure should be lower. Atherosclerosis is hardening of the arteries. Fat and cholesterol build up in the walls of the arteries (plaque). Angina is just chest discomfort. Aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel. Arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat.”
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18. Circulatory System atrium ventricle atrium ventricle blue lungs oxygen
The heart is divided into 4 chambers, right ________________ and ____________________ and the left ______________________ and _________________________.
Oxygen-poor blood, ____________ blood, circulates to the right side of the heart. It is sent to the _______________ to get __________________. The _______ blood is then sent back to the left side of the heart to be circulated back through the _______________.
atrium
ventricle
atrium
ventricle
blue
lungs
oxygen
red
Discuss the parts of the heart and how the blood flows in and out.
body
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19. Flow of blood through the heart: Blue blood > Right Atrium > Right Ventricle > Lungs > Red blood > Left Atrium > Left Ventricle > Body. Blue = deoxygenated. Red = oxygenated. Atrium then ventricle – A before V in the alphabet.
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20. Lymphatic System
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21. LYMPHATIC = IMMUNE SYSTEM
Lymphatic system
What does it do?
It transports fluids throughout the body.
The vessels carry proteins to the lymph nodes, which are filled with white blood cells that kill bacteria and other pathogens, before sending the protein back into the body.
Common problems/injuries?
Lymphedema, lymphoma, cancer
Discuss what the Lymphatic System does and common problems. “Lymphedema is a build-up of lymph fluid in the fatty tissues just under your skin. Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in immune system cells called lymphocytes.”
LYMPHATIC = IMMUNE SYSTEM
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22. all throughout our body. What is the largest one?
We have lymph nodes
all throughout our body. What is the largest one?
What is the largest lymph node in our body? Liver
LIVER
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23. SKELETAL system
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24. Skeletal System What does it do? Provides shape to the body
Gives muscles a place to attach
Protects certain organs
Common problems/injuries?
Sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations
What are the 3 functions of the skeletal system? Provides shape to the body, protects organs, and muscle attachment.
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25. 206 How many bones can you label? Do you know how many bones we
have in
our body?
206
Have students fill in as many bones as they can before you show the diagram. Discuss each bone.
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26. Terms associated with the skeletal system:
Joint – point at which 2 bones come together
Dislocation – one bone pulls out of a joint
Ligaments – attach bone to bone at a joint
Sprain – a pull or tear in a ligament
Tendons – Attach muscle to bone at a joint
Strain – a pull or tear in a tendon or muscle
Cartilage – cushion between the bones at a joint
Define them.
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27. muscular system
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28. muscular system What does it do? Allows for movement
Provides protection for the joints
Creates heat
Common problems/injuries?
Strains, pulled muscles, cramps
What are the 3 functions of the muscular system? Movement, protection in the joints and creates heat.
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29. How do muscles work together to cause movement?
The muscles work in pairs to keep your body moving.
When one muscle contracts (shortens), the other one relaxes (lengthens).
Ex… The biceps and triceps muscles work as a pair to bend and straighten the arm (flexion and extension).
Discuss how muscles work in pairs to cause movement. When one contracts (shortens) the opposite muscle relaxes (lengthens).
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30. How many muscles can you label?
Deltoids
Trapezius
Pectorals
Triceps
Bicep
Latissimus
Dorsi
Abs
Gluteus
Maximus
Have students fill in as many as muscles as they can before you show the diagram. Discuss each muscle.
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
How many muscles can you label?
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31. What would be an example of this?
Many of the body systems depend on other body systems in order to function properly.
What would be an example of this?
What are some examples? Lymphatic system and Immune System, Muscular and Skeletal, etc.
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