1. Cells
An introduction to structures and functions of cells and their main parts.

2. Cell Theory The Cell Theory states:
All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

3. 1. Cell Wall A) function: physical protection & structural support
B) Structure: wall surrounding cell
Has holes like windows in a wall
C) Macromol. = cellulose

4. 2. Cell Membrane Phospholipids
A) function: controls what enters and leaves cell
B) Structure: flexible lining just inside cell wall
C) Macromol.
Phospholipids
Proteins

5. 3. Nucleus A) Structure: 1) Nuclear envelope = double layer of
membrane around nucleus
2) Nuclear pores = holes in envelope
3) Chromosomes = DNA inside nucleus
4) Nucleolus = area full of ribosome parts

6. B) Function: Store DNA & direct cell
C) Macromol.
Phospholipids, proteins
Nucleic acids

7. 4.Cytoplasm
A) function: every thing that happenes between cell membrane and nucleus
B) Structure:
1) all organelles between nucleus and cell membrane
2) all fluid that fills cell = hyaloplasm
C) Macromol. : all

8. 5. Ribosome 1) Connect amino acids in correct order
A) function: make proteins
1) Connect amino acids in correct order
2) Follow directions from RNA
B) Structure: 2 subunits
1) Protien subunit
2) RNA subunit
C) Macromol. : protein & nucleic acid

9. 6 Mitochondrion 1) Oval outer membrane
A- Function: Cellular Respiration
1)Uses O2 to burn glucose & give cell energy
2) O2 + glucose  CO2 and energy
B- Structure
1) Oval outer membrane
2) Folded inner membrane
Folds called cristae
C- Macromolecules:
Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

10. 7. Chloroplasts 2) CO2 + H2O  Glucose + O2
A- Function: Photosynthesis
1) Coverts solar Energy into chemical energy
2) CO2 + H2O  Glucose + O2
B- Structure:
1) Oval outer membrane
2) Grana = stacks of thylakoid disks
C- Macromolecules:
Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

11. 8. Vacuole A- Function: storage & support (plants)
B- Structure: membrane full of water and molecules or food
C- Macromolecules:
phospholipids, protiens

12. 9. Lysosome
A- Function: digest food/break down old organelles & macromolecules (hydrolysis)
B- Structure: membrane bubble full of enzymes
C- Macromolecules
phospholipids, proteins (enzymes)

13. 10. Golgi Body A- Function: 1) adds sugars & lipids to proteins
2) makes complex carbohydrates
B- Structure:
1) flat membrane pockets
2) filled with enzymes
C- Macromolecules
phospholipids, proteins

14. 11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A- Function: Fold & transport proteins
B- Structure:
1) Tunnels made of membrane
2) lots of enzymes
3) ribosomes
C- Macromol.:
phospholipids, proteins

15. 12. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A- Function: Transport molecules & Detox
B- Structure: Membrane tunnels full of enzymes
C- Macromol.:
phospholipids, proteins

16. 13. Cytoskeleton A- Function: 1) internal support
2) move organelles & vessicles
B- Structure: Framework of microtubules and motor proteins
C- Macromolecules
protein