1. NB setup Monday PG 27 Table of Contents PG 26 Unit 2: Biochemistry
Quick Write
Video
(I’m going to play the amoeba sisters)
PG 27 Table of Contents

2. NBpg. 26
Top
Unit 2: Biochemistry
Quick Write: (Top 1/2 of the page) Describe matter and how is matter an essential part of life? Everything that has mass and takes up space, is made of matter. Atoms make up molecules, which make up the substance of living things. Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are four kinds of molecules that are especially important to the structure and function of organisms.

3. Unit 2- Biochemistry Page Description Pts Earned Intro + Video 10
Table of Contents
Atom Activity
Atom to Elements
Bonds, Atomic Bonds 20
Elements to Molecules
Water
Penny Lab
Power of Hydrogen
pH Lab
Concept Map
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Lipids
Protein
Protein
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Macromolecule Lab : Day
Day 2 (+Poster)
Total:
Exam on 9-29
Unit 2- Biochemistry

4. Intro Video: Biomolecules
NBpg. 26
Bottom
Intro Video: Biomolecules
5- Pictures Elements Monomers Examples Main Topic

6. NB setup Tuesday PG 29 Atoms to Elements PG 28 Atom Activity EQ: WU:
Draw Table O
C N
H P
PG 29 Atoms to Elements
EQ:
4Qs Notes
Summary

7. Warm-up Explain the Periodic Table of Elements. Answer:
NBpg. 28
Warm-up
Explain the Periodic Table of Elements.
Answer:
Its made up of elements
They are in order by the number of subatomic particles
Column 10 are noble gases
They all have a Symbol, atomic weight, and number

8. Atoms to Elements EQ: How are atoms the building blocks of matter?
NBpg. 29
1 of 3
Page 8
EQ: How are atoms the building blocks of matter?
(Q1)
(Q2)
The basic unit of matter is the atom.
The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons (+), neutrons (0), and electrons (-).
Protons: positive charge
Neutrons: no charge
Electrons: negative charge
Sketch: e-
3P 3N
Make up the nucleus/ center

9. Atoms to Elements An element is made up of atoms.
NBpg. 29
Atoms to Elements
2 of 3
Page 8
(Q3)
An element is made up of atoms.
They have the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as isotopes.
Sketch:

10. Atoms to Elements Summary (Q4) Atomic Number: is the number of protons
NBpg. 29
3 of 3
Page 8
(Q4)
Sketch:
Atomic Number: is the number of protons
Remember: A pure element has the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atomic Mass: is the average number of protons + neutrons + electrons in it’s most stable form
Carbon: \
6 protons
6 neutrons
6 electrons
Mass is 12.01
Summary

11. Atom Activity NBpg. 28 PG 28 Atom Activity WU: Table O C N H P e-
Element
Symbol
Protons
Neutrons
Atomic #
Mass
Hydrogen 1
Carbon
12.01
Oxygen O
Nitrogen 7
Phosphorus 15
PG 28 Atom Activity
WU:
Table O
C N
H P
Element
Symbol
Protons
Neutrons
Atomic #
Mass
Hydrogen 1
Helium 2
Carbon
12.01
Oxygen O
Nitrogen 8
Finish the Chart above Then draw an atom
(like the example) for Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Phosphorus
EX: Lithium
Only 2 e- on the 1st ring
8 e- on the 2nd and 3rd (You’ll learn why in Chemistry) e-
3P 3N

13. NB Set up Wednesday PG 31 Elements to Molecules
PG 30 Bonds, Atomic Bonds
WU:
Ionic Bond Covalent
Define
Draw example
Hydrogen Bond Van der Waals Force
PG 31 Elements to Molecules
EQ:
4Qs Notes
Summary

14. Warm-up What makes up CO2?
NBpg. 30
Warm-up
What makes up CO2?
Is CO2 an element, molecule, or compound, and why?
Answer:
C= 1 Carbon
O2= 2 Oxygen
CO2 is a compound because it has 2+ elements
CO2 is a molecule, because it has 2+ atoms

15. Elements to Molecules
NBpg. 31
1 of 3
Page 8
EQ: Describe the relation between atom, element, molecule, and compound.
(Q1)
(Q2)
When elements come together, they make a complex form of matter called molecules and compounds.
Molecules are made
of 2+ atoms
Example: O2
Compounds are made
of 2+ different elements
Example: CO2
Elements are made of
the same atoms
Sketch

16. Has two different elements
NBpg. 31
2 of 3
Sketch
Molecule
Has two atoms
O2 or CO2
Element
Has the same atoms
C or O
Compound
Has two different elements
CO2

17. Elements to Molecules Atoms are held together by chemical bonds.
NBpg. 31
Elements to Molecules
3 of 3
Page 8
(Q3)
(Q4)
Atoms are held together by chemical bonds.
Ionic Bonds are formed when
electrons are transferred
from one atom to another.
Covalent Bonds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms. e-
P N e-
P N e-
Sketch e-
P N e-
P N e-
Summary

18. Bonds, Atomic Bonds NBpg. 30 PG 30 Bonds, Atomic Bonds WU:
Ionic Bond Covalent
Define
Draw example
Hydrogen Bond Van der Waals Force

20. NB setup Thursday PG 32 Water WU: EQ: 4Qs Notes Summary
PG 33 Penny Lab
Question: How many drops of water can a penny hold with tap water and soapy water?
Predict # : Tap water ____Soapy water ____
Hypothesis (If…then…)
Experiment: …
Data: Graph:
Analyze: (2+ sentences)
Conclusion:(3+ sentences)
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Aver.
Tap
Soapy

21. Warm-up Explain what type of bond(s) does water (H20) have? Answer:
Hydrogen Bond: between O and H from 2 water molecules
Covalent Bond: between O and H within a molecule

22. Water EQ: Describe important characteristics of water?
NBpg. 32
Water
1 of 2
Page 8
EQ: Describe important characteristics of water?
Within the molecule the atoms are shared in Covalent Bonds.
H2O is neutral
Hydrogen Bonds are the attraction of the H and O between several water molecules.
The Oxygen is slightly negative
The Hydrogen is slightly positive.
(Q1)
(Q2)

23. NBpg. 32
Water
2 of 2
Page 8
Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances EX: water moving in plants
Cohesion is an attraction between molecules of the same substance EX: rain drops
Surface Tension is the cohesion at the surface of water, which forms a surface "film/skin.”
Some substances may reduce the cohesive force, which will reduce the strength of the surface.
(Q3)
(Q4)
Summary

24. NBpg 33: PENNY LAB (Set-up)
Include these words in your explanations: adhesion, cohesion, surface tension, volume, surface area
Question: How many drops of water can a penny hold with tap water and soapy water?
Predict # : Tap water ____ Soapy water ____
Hypothesis (If…then…)
Experiment: …
Data: Graph: …
Analyze: (2+ sentences)
Conclusion:(+3 sentences)
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Aver.
Tap
Soapy

26. NB setup Friday PG 34 Power of Hydrogen WU: EQ: 4Qs Notes Summary
PG 35 pH Lab
Battery Acid
Gastric Acid
Vinegar
Soda
Acid Rain
Black Coffee
Urine/Saliva
Tap Water
Sea Water
Baking Soda
Tums
Ammonia
Soap
Bleach
Drain Cleaner

27. NBpg. 34
Warm Up
What does pH stand for?
Explain neutral.

28. pH is the Power of Hydrogen
NBpg. 34
1 of 3
Page 8
EQ: Explain how water is the greatest solvent on Earth.
(Q1)
Water can split apart to create H+ and OH-.
Acids have a higher concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+). pH scale 1-6.
Neutral is a balance of the ions. pH scale 7.
Bases have a higher concentration of Hydroxide ions (OH-). pH scale 8-14.
*Charged particles can interfere with chemical bonds and cause damage.

29. pH is the Power of Hydrogen (Cont.)
NBpg. 34
pH is the Power of Hydrogen (Cont.)
2 of 3
Page 8
(Q2)
Read Only:
Not just Chemistry, but in Biology too…
Buffer keeps solutions at a steady pH.
If basic (OH-), then (H+) is added
If acidic (H+), then (OH-) is added
Creating water molecules to bring it closer to neutral.
In organisms: blood or cytoplasm are the “solutions” in which ions are floating in, like electrolytes.
The human body has two common buffers: carbonic acid (H2CO3) releases extra H+ ions, and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) absorbs extra H+ ions.
This function brings internal balance (Homeostasis).

30. pH is the Power of Hydrogen (Cont.)
NBpg. 34
3 of 3
Page 8
A mixture is 2+ molecules that are physically mixed together
- not chemically combined.
A solution is 2+ molecules that are evenly distributed throughout the solution.
- can not be separated.
Substance which dissolves = solvent
Substance that is dissolved = solute.
(Q3)
(Q4)
SUMMARY
Draw
Label: mixture or solution
Draw
Label the solute and solvent.
Summary

31. pH Activity (Set-up) NBpg. 35 Draw pH Scale with color and labels 
Battery Acid
Gastric Acid
Vinegar
Soda
Acid Rain
Black Coffee
Urine/Saliva
Tap Water
Sea Water
Baking Soda
Tums
Ammonia
Soap
Bleach
Drain Cleaner
Draw pH Scale with color and labels 
Use the Litmus Paper to find the pH and
determine the sample using the pH scale.
Vinegar
Soda (sprite)
Tap water
Alkaline water/Baking soda
Bleach
Sample pH 1 2 3 4 5
Make an inference about your stomach: …
If you had an upset stomach, which of the 5 substances you tested would act as a buffer to calm your stomach?
Claim: (answer in a statement format)
Evidence: (scientific data)
Reasoning: (scientific explanation using vocab words)

33. Monday Lab Day!

34. NBpg 33: PENNY LAB
Include these words in your explanations: adhesion, cohesion, surface tension, volume, surface area
Question: How many drops of water can a penny hold with tap water and soapy water?
Predict # : Tap water ____ Soapy water ____
Hypothesis (If…then…)
Experiment:
Do 3 trials for tap and soapy water. Count how many droplets of water fit on a penny.
Data: Graph:
Create a graph based on the
data, and remember TAILS
Analyze: (2+ sentences)
Does tap or soapy water have more surface tension?
Conclusion:(+3 sentences)
Restate your Hypothesis, was it accepted or rejected.
Explain why, by summarizing the data.
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Aver.
Tap
Soapy

35. Acid and Base Activity NBpg. 35 Place 5 substances into the 5 wells.
Battery Acid
Gastric Acid
Vinegar
Soda
Acid Rain
Black Coffee
Urine/Saliva
Tap Water
Sea Water
Baking Soda
Tums
Ammonia
Soap
Bleach
Drain Cleaner
Place 5 substances into the 5 wells.
Match the numbers!
Use the Litmus Paper to find the pH and
determine the sample using the pH scale.
Vinegar
Soda (sprite)
Tap water
Alkaline water/Baking soda
Bleach
Sample pH 1 2 3 4 5
Make an inference about your stomach:
is it an acid or alkali?
If you had an upset stomach, which of the 5 substances you tested would act as a buffer to calm your stomach?
Claim: (answer in a statement format)
Evidence: (scientific data)
Reasoning: (scientific explanation using vocab words)

37. NB Set up Tuesday PG 36 Concept Map PG 37 Macromolecules Intro
Later Assignment:

38. Macromolecules Intro:
NBpg. 37 Top
Macromolecules
Page 8
Intro:
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of living things, which contain carbon atoms.
*Carbon is the baseline of living things
Carbon atoms are central to all organisms. Carbon molecules such as Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids are structural material called Macromolecules.

39. The later part… Mondays Homework
NBpg. 37
Bottom
Page 8
The later part… Mondays Homework
For each Macromolecule:
Name the monomer
Name the polymer(s)
Explain the function of a polymer from (b)
Page Format A B C
2. A
3. A
4. A

41. NB setup for Wednesday:
Pg 39: Carbohydrates
EQ:
4?’s Notes
Pg. 38: Carbohydrates
Table
Summary

42. Carbohydrates (Q1) EQ: How are monomers combined to make polymers?
NBpg. 39
1 of 4
Page 8
EQ: How are monomers combined to make polymers?
(Q1)
Carbohydrates
Consists of C, H, and O. (in hexose)
The basic formula is CH2O (multiply that by 6 and get C6H12O6= Glucose)
Energy-packed compound that can be broken down for quick energy.
Monosaccharides are the
monomers for carbohydrates
Mono = one
saccharide= sugar

43. Carbohydrates (Cont.) (Q2)
NBpg. 39
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
2 of 4
Page 8
(Q2)
Monomer + Monomer = dehydration synthesis (lose water)
Monomer – Monomer = hydrolysis (water breaks)

44. Carbohydrates (Cont.) (Q3) 3 Types of Sugars:
NBpg. 39
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
3 of 4
Page 8
(Q3)
3 Types of Sugars:
Monosaccharides (monomer)
One Sugar: Glucose, Fructose (fruits), Galactose
2. Disaccharides (polymer)
Two sugar: Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
3. Polysaccharides (polymer) Many sugars: Starch, Cellulose, Pectin, Glycogen

45. Carbohydrates (Cont.) (Q4) Stored Energy:
NBpg. 39
Carbohydrates (Cont.)
4 of 4
Page 8
Stored Energy:
Animals store Glycogen in your liver for when you exercise.
Plants store Starch.
Both can be broken down into simple sugars.
Plants also create cellulose for structural functions, which humans can not digest.
(Q4)
Summary (bottom of previous page)

47. NB setup for Thursday: Pg 41: Lipids Pg40: Lipids EQ: Table 4?’s Notes
Summary

48. Lipids (Q1) EQ: Describe the structure and functions of Lipids? Lipids
NBpg. 41
1 of 4
Page 8
EQ: Describe the structure and functions of Lipids?
(Q1)
Lipids
Contains C, H, and O (in chains)
(but there’s a higher ratio of C and H, than O)
3 Polymers: Triglycerides, Phospholipid, and Steroids.
Lipids are Nonpolar/Hydrophobic, which means it doesn’t mix with water
Stores High Energy and has Water Repellent Properties

49. There are two types of Fatty Acids:
NBpg. 41
Lipids (cont.)
2 of 4
Page 8
(Q2)
One Fatty Acid chain is a monomer for lipids.
There are two types of Fatty Acids:
Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms. They are solid at room temp, like butter, lard, and wax.
Unsaturated fats have double bonds between some of the carbon atoms. They are liquid at room temp, like oils and phospholipids.

50. Lipids (cont.) (Q2) (Q3) There are 3 types of Lipids:
NBpg. 41
Lipids (cont.)
3 of 4
Page 8
There are 3 types of Lipids:
Triglyceride is one glycerol and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides create body fat in animals, known as adipose.
(Q2)
(Q3)
Glycerol
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Phospholipids are a major component of all cell membranes.
They can form lipid bilayers.
The structure consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" and a hydrophilic phosphate "head"

51. Lipids (cont.) (Q4) Summary (bottom of previous page)
NBpg. 41
Lipids (cont.)
4 of 4
Page 8
(Q4)
There are 3 types of Lipids: (Cont)
A steroid has four "fused" rings in specific configurations made from animals, fungi, and plants.
Steroids have two biological functions:
Some are components of cell membranes, like cholesterol
Many are signaling molecules.
Summary (bottom of previous page)

53. NB setup for Friday Pg 43: Protein/Enzymes Pg 42 Protein EQ: TBpg 51
4?’s Notes
Pg 42 Protein
TBpg 51
How does pH Affect an Enzyme?
Draw, label, and color graph
Don’t write questions, but answer in complete sentences #1-6
Summary

54. Proteins
NBpg. 42
1 of 2
Page 8
EQ: How are Amino Acids and Enzymes structures of Proteins?
(Q1)
Protein
Consists of C, H, O, and N
Structural proteins reinforce cells and tissues
Structural proteins
Catalyzing metabolic reactions
DNA replication
Transport proteins
The functions are very diverse.
Don’t Draw:

55. Proteins (Cont.) (Q2) Amino Acids  Polypeptides:
NBpg. 42
Proteins (Cont.)
2 of 2
Page 8
(Q2)
Amino Acids  Polypeptides:
The monomers of proteins are Amino Acids.
Just 20 amino acids can form many proteins by coming together in many different combinations.
Amino Acids linked together make a Polypeptide chain, (polymers)creating a protein.

56. Enzymes (Q3) Polypeptides Enzymes:
NBpg. 43
1 of 2
Page 8
Don’t Draw:
(Q3)
Polypeptides Enzymes:
Enzymes are Catalysts needed for most chemical reactions to occur quickly, which require a high amount of activation energy.
Factors that affect enzymes: Temperature, pH/ion concentration
The names of most enzymes end in -ase. The first part of their name comes from the substrate Ex. Protease, Lipase, Amylase

57. Enzymes (Cont.)
NBpg. 43
4 of 4
Page 8
(Q4)
Structure and function of enzymes The model that shows how enzymes work is called the Lock and Key Model.
Activation Energy:
Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction to
occur = faster reaction.
Draw, label, color
Don’t Draw:

58. NB setup for Friday Pg 43: Protein/Enzymes Pg 42 Protein EQ: TBpg 51
4?’s Notes
Pg 42 Protein
TBpg 51
How does pH Affect an Enzyme?
Draw, label, and color graph
Don’t write questions, but answer in complete sentences #1-6
Summary

60. NB setup for Friday Pg 43: Protein/Enzymes Pg 42 Protein EQ: TBpg 51
4?’s Notes
Pg 42 Protein
TBpg 51
How does pH Affect an Enzyme?
Draw, label, and color graph
Don’t write questions, but answer in complete sentences #1-6
Summary

61. NB setup for Monday Pg 45: Nucleic Acids Pg 44: Nucleic Acid EQ:
Draw
Pg 45: Nucleic Acids
EQ:
4?’s Notes
Summary

62. NBpg. 45
Nucleic Acids
Page 8
EQ: Describe the 3 parts of a Nucleotide, and what can they become.
(Q1)
Nucleic Acid
Contains C, H, O, N, P
The monomer is a Nucleotide

63. Nucleic Acids (Q2) Nucleotides are composed of: Phosphate group
NBpg. 45
Nucleic Acids
Page 8
(Q2)
Nucleotides are composed of:
Phosphate group
2. Sugar
Nitrogen base
(A-T or C-G)

64. NBpg. 45
Nucleic Acids
Page 8
(Q3)
(Q4)
Nucleotides (monomer) build DNA and RNA(polymers), which Stores genetic information for hereditary.
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Single Strand
A-U and C-G
Uracil
Ribose (Sugar)
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Double strand
A-T and C-G
Thymine
Deoxyribose (sugar)

65. DNA and Macro-Summary NBpg. 44 TOP Page 8 C or T A or G C G A T C G A

67. Tuesday: Mystery Powder Lab
PG 47: Mystery Powder Lab Data
Keep in Mind…
Table
Pg 46: Mystery Powder Lab Intro
Intro:
Procedures of each Test
Test 1 2 3 4

68. Identify the Mystery Powder
NBpg46
Mystery Lab Intro and Procedures
Introduction: Biochemists often use simple chemical tests to identify substances present in our bodies. This part of the lab will test various powders to determine whether they contain carbohydrates (simple sugars and starch), lipids, or protein.
Procedures:
See handout:
Simple Sugar (Glucose)
Complex Sugar (Starch)
Protein
Lipids
Keep in Mind:
There are 6 powders that contain macromolecules.
For each powder, you need to conduct each test for positive or negative results.
A sample size is a pinch, and only 2-3 drops of indicator is needed to see results.
Record your observations and infer what the mystery powders are based on the results.
Identify the Mystery Powder
Glucose Test
+/-
Starch
Test
Protein Test
Lipid Test
Control
Water
  _
  _ _
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______

69. TEST FOR STARCH (polysaccharides)
Add a small sample of the 5 substances
Add 1-2 drops of IODINE solution to each well
A positive test for starch is a color change to DARK BLUE OR BLACK. Be sure to look at the food color, NOT the liquid. Record the final color for each well and indicate whether the powder is positive (+) or negative (-) .
Clean and dry the tray before the next test.
TEST FOR PROTEIN (Amino Acids)
Add 5-8 drops of BUIRETS to each well.
A positive protein test is a change of the liquid to a PURPLISH color. Record the final color for each well and indicate whether the powder is positive (+) or negative (-) .
TEST FOR LIPIDS (Paper )
Add a small sample of the 5 substances to a piece of brown paper
Rub the sample into the paper, and blot off excess sample.
Let dry for 5-10 mins.
A positive protein test will change the brown paper to a translucent color. Record the final color for each well and indicate whether the powder is positive (+) or negative (-) .
Trash the paper when finished recording.
 TEST FOR SIMPLE SUGARS (monosaccharides)
Add a small sample to a test tube= 5 samples = 5 test tubes.
Add 2-4 drops of BENEDICT SOLUTION to the test tube + HEAT (CAREFUL)
A positive test for a simple sugar is a color change to GREEN, ORANGE, RED, OR YELLOW. Record the final color for each well and indicate whether the powder is positive (+) or negative (-)
Clean and dry the test tubes before the next test.

70. Poster See white board tomorrow… Title + Name: The Mystery Powder Lab
4 Boxes:
Simple Sugar
Complex Sugar
Protein
Lipids
Each box needs to include:
A title (like Protein)
How to test it (see handout)
What does +/- mean
What powder is in this section