1. Circulation 1 Dr.Radmanesh
به نام خالق زیبایی ها
Circulation 1
Dr.Radmanesh

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3. Systemic Circulation
The oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart is pumped to the rest of the body
Oxygen-poor blood returns to the right side of the heart
This blood is oxygen-poor because the cells absorbed the oxygen and released carbon dioxide into the blood
The oxygen-poor blood is ready for another trip to the lungs to get oxygen again

4. Circulation of Blood Aorta Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood toward the heart. The capillaries are exchange vessels located between the arterial and venous systems.
Veins
Vena Cava
Chapter 2

5. Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels
Section 37-1
Artery
Vein
Connective tissue
Smooth muscle
Endothelium
Valve
Venule
Arteriole
Capillary

7. Arterioles and Capillaries
Figure 8.2

9. Capillary Structure
Figure 8.4

10. Pulmonary Circulation
12 %
Pulmonary Circulation
11 %
Systemic Arteries
7 %
Arterioles and Capillaries
9 %
Heart
Blood Volume (liter)
Systemic Veins
and Venules
61 %
M. Badavi, Ph.D.

11. Veins and their Functions
Venous valves and the “venous pump”
Valves ensure one-way movement of blood
Muscle pump - extremity muscle contraction “massages” blood up toward the heart
Thoracic pump – breathing action also “massages” blood up toward the heart
Venous valve incompetence causes varicose veins in the legs (secondary to pregnancy, or excessive time standing)
M. Badavi Ph.D.

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16. Blood Flow Distribution During Rest and Exercise
Brain
Heart
Liver/Gut
Kidneys
Skeletal Muscle
Skin
Skeleton/Fat
Rest
(5 L/min)
Exercise
(25 L/min)
13-15%
4-5%
20-25%
20%
15-20%
3-6%
10-15%
3-4%
4-5%
3-5%
2-4%
80-85%
1-2%

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20. V= Q/A

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23. Diagram of the velocities of concentric laminas of a viscous fluid flowing in a tube, illustrating the parabolic distribution of velocities (streamline flow).

25. V d 
Re = 
Re > Turbulent flow

26. 1 cm 2
10 cm 2
A =
2 cm 2
Q=10 ml/s a b c
Q=10 ml/s
10 cm/s
V =
5 cm/s
1 cm/s Q
V = A P P
Q =
P = Q . R
R = R Q

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31. FACTORS AFFECTING VASCULAR RESISTANCE
The quantitative relationship between pressure gradient, ∆P, and flow, Q, in the vascular system is given by Poiseuille’s Law
∆P.π.r4
8hl
Flow, Q =
r is the radius of the vessel, l is the length of the vessel, h is the viscosity of the fluid (blood).
Thus the resistance of fluid flow is given by the term: 8hl
πr4
A decrease of radius, r, or an increase of viscosity, h, will increase resistance

32. Q  Pi - Po 1 2 P = gh 4 3 A B A B h2=2h1 h1 Pi Po Pi Po Q = 5 ml/s

33. 5 6 1 Q  L 7 Q  r 4 r2 =r1 r1 L1 L2 = 2L1 Q = 5 ml/s Q = 10 ml/s

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37. Relative viscusity Tube diameter (mm) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.6
Tube diameter (mm)

38. FIGURE 1.1 Blood flow through microvessels in the
rat mesentery with inner diameters 7, 12, and 16 μm (top
to bottom). Flow is from left to right.

39. FIGURE 1.3 Human erythrocytes during flow through glass tubes with inner diameters 4, 7, and 17 μm (top to bottom). Flow is from left to right.

43. P . r 4
Q  L
Q =
 . P . r 4
8L

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