1. Anti-federalists vs Federalists
Poorer classes; Western; rural; farmers & frontier folk
State’s Rights devotees opposed the stronger federal government
Thomas Jefferson; Sam Adams, Patrick Henry & Richard Henry Lee
Alarmed by the lack of a Bill of Rights; Demanded one for Constitutional passage
The “Establishment”; East Coast; merchants & manufacturers; Wealthier; more educated
War & Shay’s Rebellion convinced them of need for more gov’t power
George Washington, Ben Franklin, James Madison
Promised a bill of rights by amendment

2. Confederation to Constitution
1776: 2nd Continental Congress declares independence; PA creates democratic state constitution
1781 : Articles of Confederation ratified by the states
1783: Treaty of Paris
1785: Land Ordinance organizes western territory
1786: Shay’s Rebellion = Mtgs to revise Articles of Confed.
1787: Northwest Ordinance; Constitutional Convention
1789: Constitution goes into effect; Judiciary Act establishes a federal court system
1790: Rhode Island (last of the 13) ratifies
1791: Bill of Rights ratified; Congress Charters First Bank of the U.S.

3. The Constitution: Liberal or Conservative?
Creates a republic
Establishes an explicit written contract with the people
Electoral college and Senate protect the power of small minorities in the lower population states
Checks & Balances and Federalism are built-in limits on government power
Demanded sound currency and protection of private property
Strengthens Federal government overall (and executive & judiciary in particular) as compared to the Articles of Confederation
Limited democracy (electoral college & appointed Senators)

4. National Period – Our Country Grows
1793: Proclamation of Neutrality; begin two party system between Federalists and Republicans
1794: Whiskey Rebellion
1798: Alien, Sedition & Naturalization Acts; Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
1800: Jefferson elected – “Revolution of 1800”
1801: John Marshall appointed to Supreme Court by Adams
1803: Louisiana Purchase; Marbury v. Madison
: Lewis & Clark explore the west
1807: Embargo Act
1808: Importation of slaves to U.S.A. ends
1810: Fletcher v Peck

5. National Period – Our Country Grows
1812: War of 1812
1814: Treaty of Ghent (ends war)
1819: Dartmouth College v Woodward; McCulloch v Maryland
1820: Missouri Compromise
1823: Monroe Doctrine
1824: Gibbons v Ogden
1825: Erie Canal completed
1828: Tariff of Abominations; election of Andrew Jackson
1830: Indian Removal Act; Trail of Tears
: Bank War; South Carolina nullification crisis
1834: Whig party forms (two-party American politics returns)
1849: American (Know-Nothing) Party formed

6. Key Supreme Court Rulings for a New Government
1803: Marbury v Madison asserts principle of Judicial Review
1810: Fletcher v Peck protects property rights through a broad reading of Constitution’s contract clause
1819: Dartmouth College v Woodward safeguards property rights, especially of chartered corporations
1819: McCulloch v Maryland interprets Constitution to give broad powers to the national government (Necessary & Proper Clause and Supremacy Clause)
1821: Cohens v Virginia gives SCOTUS authority over state cases where one’s constitutional rights are violated
1824: Gibbons v Ogden gives national government jurisdiction over interstate commerce

7. John Marshall: the last powerful Federalist?
Supported the Necessary and Proper Clause and the supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution
If the goal is “legitimate [and] within the scope of the Constitution, [then] all means which are appropriate” to secure that goal are also Constitutional.
the “power to tax involves the power to destroy”