1. Gerunds Participles Infinitives
and

2. Words formed from verbs but used as different parts of speech:
Gerunds…Nouns
Participles…Adjectives
Infinitives…To + Verb

3. Nouns that were once verbs
Gerunds
Nouns that were once verbs
Gerunds are the “-ing” forms of verbs used as nouns. Like nouns, they can act as subjects, objects, or complements.
walking
eating
talking
thinking

4. Gerunds Reading helps you learn English. (gerund as the subject)
Objects
Complements
Subjects
Gerunds
Can be used as:
Reading helps you learn English. (gerund as the subject)
My favorite hobby is reading. (gerund as the predicate nominative)
I enjoy reading. (gerund as the direct object)

5. Participles Two kinds: Present participles (end in –ing)
Adjectives that were once verbs
Two kinds:
Present participles (end in –ing)
Past participles (end in –ed, -d, -t, -en, or –n)
Walking stick
Eating habits
Confused girl
Broken heart

6. It is confusing. She is confused.

7. The clown is frightening. He is frightened.

8. Infinitives To walk To eat To talk To think
To + a Verb = Infinitive
Infinitives are the TO form of the verb. These can be used as subjects, objects or complements.
To walk
To eat
To talk
To think

9. Infinitives To learn is important. (infinitive as the subject)
Objects
Complements
Subjects
Infinitives
Can be used as:
To learn is important. (infinitive as the subject)
The most important thing is to learn. (infinitive as the predicate nominative)
He wants to learn. (infinitive as the direct object)

10. Be careful to distinguish between infinitives and prepositional phrases:
First, give an explanation to the teacher.
Our trip to Florida was full of surprises.
Some students are too busy to listen to me.
Would you try to explain to them?

11. Find and name the verbals:
Teaching a language to parrots is easy to learn by all of us.
Is it a pleasing idea to think of visiting a beautiful place?
Some leaders try to convince people that the most important thing is to control an increasing population.
“To err is human, to forgive is divine” is a quote he likes to add to his prolonged prayers.

12. Find and name the verbals:
Teaching a language to parrots is easy to learn by all of us.
(gerund) (infinitive)
Is it a pleasing idea to think of visiting a beautiful place?
(participle) (infinitive) (gerund)
Some leaders try to convince people that the most important thing
(infinitive)
is to control an increasing population.
(infinitive) (participle)
“To err is human, to forgive is divine” is a quote he likes to add to
(infinitive) (infinitive) (infinitive)
his prolonged prayers.
(participle)