1. Clean Technology
(PB386)
Click to edit Master title style Numfon Eaktasang, Ph.D.

2. Clean Technology
Clean technology is any product or service that improves operational performance, productivity, or efficiency while reducing costs, inputs, energy consumption, waste or environmental pollution.

3. Clean Technology Includes recycling, renewable energy
Wind power, solar power, biomass, hydropower, biofuels, etc.
Information technology, green transportation, electric motors, green chemistry, lighting, and many other appliances that are now more energy efficient. 
To generate with a smaller environmental footprint and minimize pollution.

4. Clean Technology
Clean technology project can obtain financing through the generation of carbon credits.
A project that is developed with concern for climate change mitigation.
Such as a Kyoto Clean Development mechanism project is also known as a carbon project

5. Causes of Environmental Problems
Exponential population growth
High consume of environmental resources
Human activity produce a lot of pollutions
100,000 synthetic chemicals in commercial use
1000 new compounds being introduced every year
Contaminated into the environment: accidental leakage during manufacture, transport or usage
Pesticide, toxic compounds, heavy metal, etc.

6. Causes of Environmental Problems
Limitation environmental resources or natural capital
Renewable and Nonrenewable
Increase population growth, high consumption
Increase environmental pollution

7. Mass Balance Process Input Output Air pollution Wastewater 100% 10%
70%
Solid waste

8. Pollution
“Any additional to air, water, soil, or food that threatens the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.”
Point sources
pollutants from single identifiable sources
Nonpoint sources
pollutants from dispersed (difficult to identify) sources

9. Atmospheric Pollution

10. Source of Air Pollutants
Natural Sources
Man-Made Sources
- Mobile sources : Car (exhaust)
- Stationary sources: Industry (stack), fugitive emission

11. Atmospheric Transformation

12. Air Pollution Effects
Health effect: Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)

13. Air Pollution Effects
Photochemical Smog (NO2)

14. Air Pollution Effects
Acid Rain (SO2)
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
SO3 + H2O H2SO4

15. Air Pollution Effects

16. Air Pollution Effects
Particulate Matter (PM)

17. Air Pollution Effects

18. Air Pollution Effects
Global Warming

19. Air Pollution Effects Rising sea levels Ice melting Drought Flooding
Climate Change
Rising sea levels
Ice melting
Drought
Flooding

20. Air Pollution Effects

21. Water Pollution

22. Water Pollution
Eutrophication

23. Water Pollution

24. Land Pollution
Soil Contamination
Contamination plume

25. Environmental Model Source: Pollutants or Toxicants Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil/Sediment contamination
Receptor/
exposure:
Inhalation
Ingestion
Dermal absorption
Pathway/
media:
Air
Water
Soil/
Sediment

26. Water Contamination
Minamata disease: methyl mercury poisoning in Japan, 1956
Minamata disease is a form of mercury poisoning caused by eating large quantities of fish polluted by mercury in factory wastewater.

27. Water Contaminations Itai Itai disease:
Cd Poisoning due to zinc mining in Toyama Prefecture in 1962
The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies.
The cadmium pollution had also contaminated many agricultural areas.

28. Water Contaminations
Cadmium poisoning can cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. Other complications include coughing, anemia, and kidney failure, leading to death

29. Water and Soil Contaminations
Love Canal (New York, USA) is one of the most appalling environmental tragedies in the US history
In 1970, Love Canal became the subject of international attention
The canal was turned into an industrial chemical dumpsite
The site had formerly been used to bury 22,000 tons of toxic waste* by Hooker Chemical Company
* 200 different chemicals contamination, including pesticides, solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals.

30. Water and Soil Contaminations
Love Canal
(New York, USA)
Health effects associated with the Love Canal are birth defects, miscarriages and cancer
(i.e. Leukemia)

31. Water and Soil Contaminations
Mining activities

32. Water and Soil Contaminations
Situation of cadmium-polluted paddy soil, rice in Mae Sot District, Tak, Thailand
Standard of Cd in rice on FAO/WHO is 0.2 μg/kg

33. Water and Soil Contaminations

34. Water and Soil Contaminations
As contamination of groundwater and surrounding soils by tailings leachate from gold mine

35. Solutions to Pollution
Pollution Prevention
prevent pollutants from entering the environment
(Front-of-Pipe) – Clean Technology
Pollution Clean-up
after pollutants released into environment
(End-of-Pipe) – Treatment Technology

36. End-of-pipe (Treatment technology)

37. Front-of-pipe (Clean technology)

38. Solutions to Pollution

39. Thank You !