1. What is Science?

2. What is the goal of science?
Investigate and understand the natural world; explain events, and use those explanations to make predictions

3. Thursday 9/8/15 Learning Target: Learning Outcome:
Students will know the 8 characteristics of life.
Learning Outcome:
Understand and apply the 8 characteristics of life by completing the “Create-A-Creature” project.

4. Is it Alive?

5. Mr. Maher’s New Pet
In your notes write down what you observe about Mr. Mahler’s new pet. Be detailed in describing what you see. If you must, draw a picture.
Share your observations with your neighbor.
In your opinion is Mr. Mahler’s pet alive?

6. What is Alive?
How do you decide if something is alive? How do you know?
Take a minute and write down your thoughts.

7. What makes something a living organism?
Biology is the study of living organisms
Living things share eight characteristics

8. 1. Living things are made up of cells.
Unicellular
One cell
Multicellular
Many cells
Humans have over 85 different types of cells!

9. 2. Living things reproduce.
Sexual – 2 different cells unite
Asexual – single parent, cell divides in half (bacteria)

10. 3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code.
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid

11. 4. Living things grow and develop.
differentiation – cells look different and perform different functions.
Nerve cells, muscle cells, skin cells, liver cells

12. 5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy.
Metabolism – the building up or breaking down materials to carry out life processes.

13. 6. Living things respond to their environment.
Stimulus – a signal to which an organism responds.
Examples: Temperature, Light

14. 7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis – the ability to keep internal conditions constant.

15. 8. Living things, taken as a group, change over time.
Evolution – change over time.

16. Thursday 9/10/15 Learning Target: Learning Outcome:
Students will know and apply the principles of designing an experiment.
Learning Outcome:
Complete the Pillbug Lab Write-Up including drawing of pillbug, graphing, reliability and validity.

17. What do we start with? A question. A problem.
Some event or phenomena that needs an explanation.

18. So now we have question/problem…how do we find the answer?
Scientific Method (list and explain the steps)
Identify problem
Write a research question
Write a hypothesis that ANSWERS the question
Explain the procedure to test the hypothesis
Display and explain results, write observations
Write conclusions of observation and results

19. Inference vs. Observation
Observation: “viewing” a situation.
Incorrect - the burning bag smelled nasty
Correct - the burning bag smelled similar to rotten eggs
Inference: Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge/experience.
Observation: The grass on the school’s front lawn is wet.
Inference: It rained. A dog urinated on the grass.

20. You hear the school fire alarm.
Observation:
Inference:

21. 2 types of observations:
1. Qualitative: Non-numerical observations (color, texture)
2. Quantitative: Numerical observations (5 spots, 5’ 8” tall, 3 toes

22. Designing an experiment
1. Ask a question
2. Form a hypothesis
2 requirements: prediction & reason
3. Set up a controlled experiment
manipulated – variable that is changed
responding – variable that reacts to the change
controlled – variables (need 2) that stay the same
4. Collect Data
5. Record and Analyze Results
6. Draw a Conclusion
7. Publish/Repeat experiment

23. Theory vs. Law
Theory: Well-tested explanation, but not proven. Not a fact.
Atomic Theory
Cell Theory
Evolutionary Theory
Law: Scientific fact that is universally agreed upon.

24. I have a problem… Problem: My car won’t start.
Design an experiment to figure out how I can discover why my car won’t start.
Write a question, hypothesis, and a brief procedure
What will the results show us? What is our conclusion?

25. Friday 9/16/15 Learning Target: Learning Outcome:
Students will know the different parts of the light microscope as well as how to use it.
Learning Outcome:
Complete the microscope lab.

26. Microscopes!
A device we use to magnify images we can’t see with our eyes
Light – magnify by focusing visible light
Samples are placed on slides to be observed
Electron – magnify by focusing beams of electrons. Require a vacuum to operate so they can only look at preserved specimens.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) – electrons scan the surface. 3-D images
Transmission electron microscope –electrons shine through a specimen. Internal detail.

34. Microscope Examples
Can you identify which type of microscope took pictures A-F?
A-D Scanning Electron Microscope
E Transmission Electron Microscope
F Light Microscope