1. #2 – Imperialism in Africa (27.1)
Crash Course - 19th Century Imperialism

2. African Trade [15c-17c]

3. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

4. Closed Africa Escarpments – steep cliffs
Cataracts – Large waterfalls on many African rivers; Ex. Nile, Congo, Zambezi
Boats cannot sail down many rivers
Early Europeans did not explore the land

5. Disease Tropical Climate: Breeding Ground for Disease:
 Malaria (mosquitoes)
Sleeping Sickness – Tsetse Fly
River blindness – Flies
Bilharzia – snails/parasite worms – bladder infections
Guinea Worm
Blinding Trachoma
Ebola

6. Imperialism
Imperialism – a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. (Crash Course Imperialism 3:21)

7. Motives - Economic Europe in the mist of the Industrial Revolution
New technology in manufacturing and the military
Access to more capital
What type of economic system is in place at this time?
Capitalism
What drives capitalism?
Competition
Industrial competition
Access to raw materials

8. Motives - Political
What would be a possible result of the increase competition? - Rivalries grew in Europe. which brings about - Increase in nationalism in European countries.

9. Motives: Religion Religious – spread Christianity.
Major push by European
missionaries to convert people in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands to Christianity.

10. Social Darwinism Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution
“survival of the fittest”
Justification for imperialist expansion.
Racism – the belief that one race is superior to others.
White Man’s Burden

11. The “White Man’s Burden”
Rudyard Kipling

13. European Domination How they were able to dominate?
Technologically superior
Maxim gun. Invented (1884). 1st automatic gun.
Built steamboats, railroads
  Developed drugs to prevent malaria (1829).
  Manipulated rival African groups to fight one another.

14. Europeans motivation for Colonization/Imperialism

15. European Motives For Colonization European Nationalism
Source for
Raw
Materials
Missionary Activity
Industrial
Revolution
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Social Darwinism
European Racism
Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul.
Humanitarian Reasons
Soc. & Eco. Opportunities
“White Man’s Burden”

16. European Explorers in Africa
19c  Europeans Map the Interior of Africa

17. European Explorations in mid-19c: “The Scramble for Africa”

18. “Dr. Livingstone, I presume”
Exploration of what area begins to open the heart of Africa?
The Congo
Dr. David Livingstone – missionary travels to central Africa
Goes missing – American newspaper hires reporter Henry Stanley to find Livingstone
King Leopold of Belgium commissions Stanley to obtain land, which he does.

19. Scramble for Africa
King Leopold II of Belgium began controlling the Congo River Basin (modern-day Democratic Republic of Congo- formally Zaire)

20. King Leopold II: (r – 1909)

21. Brutality on the Rubber Plantations
Exploitation of Africans to harvest sap from rubber plants.
10 Million Congolese died

22. Harvesting Rubber

23. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

24. Punishing “Lazy” Workers

25. Estimated 5-10 Million Victims! (50% of Population)
Estimated 5-10 Million Victims! (50% of Population)
It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit Belgian Official

26. Belgium’s Congo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grYjrd bDHOc
Stanley 1:23 min
Crash Course Imperialism 3:24 - Africa

27. MMMMM…Give Me Some of the Cake
Berlin Conference

28. Berlin Conference
( ).
14 nations met in Germany (no African nations invited to conference).
 The Europeans carved Africa into colonies.
 Set future rules on acquiring territories.

29. Berlin Conference of
Another point of view? 

30. Invitees The 14 attending conference:
Austria-Hungary Netherlands.
Belgium Portugal.
Denmark Russia.
France Spain.
Germany Sweden-Norway (Unified ).
Great Britain Turkey.
Italy United States.
BOLD FACE ARE THE MAJOR COUNTRIES INVOLVED AT THE TIME

31. Berlin Conference of

32. Africa
1890

34. Anti-Imperialism – Negative effects on Africa
Governments were destabilized
Rivalry between colonizing nations
Caused discord among groups who co-existed harmoniously - rebellions
Inexpensive labor became slavery or forced labor
Natural resources were exploited
Cash crops brought famine
Racism
Native religions were discredited
Traditional culture and languages were wiped away.

35. Cobalt Mining Present-Day
/batteries/congo-cobalt-mining-for-lithium-ion- battery/?wpisrc=nl_evening&wpmm=1

36. Pro-Imperialism Positive effects on Africa
Development of Modern Technologies
Industrialization
Development of infrastructure in 3rd world countries
Establishment of educational institutes - literacy
Exploration
Conduct scientific experiments
Medical research
Exchange of cultural ideas
Trade Routes developed