1. Unit 3: Medieval Europe

2. Rome is SPLIT
Rome began as a small city-state and over time, became an enormous empire, controlling lands all around the Mediterranean Sea. Despite experience a golden age called the Pax Romana, it eventually deteriorated due to invasions, a lack of trade and a falling economy. In an attempt to govern the vast empire more effectively, the Roman Empire was split into two by Emperor Diocletian.

4. Western Empire Eastern Empire (Byzantine Empire)
Capital: Rome
Collapsed in the A.D. 400’s
Eastern Empire
(Byzantine Empire)
Capital: Constantinople
key location for trade because it was at a crossroads of Europe and Asia
cultural diffusion!
The Byzantines preserved (saved) Greek and Roman culture
Justinian’s Code: set of laws for the Byzantine Empire (Emperor Justinian had officials collect all the laws of ancient Rome and then he edited and organized them).
Survived for another 1,000 years

5. Brainpop
Fall of Rome (just watch the video; don’t bother with the quiz)

6. Fall of Rome
It was difficult to manage such a large area (at its height, the Roman Empire was 3 million square miles!)

7. Fall of Rome The Germanic tribes constantly invaded
Germanic groups: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, and Vandals.
Germanic people had been living on the northern borders of the Roman Empire for years.
Rome became weak from the constant invasions as the Germans moved into Roman territory
In 476, Emperor Augustus was dethroned and exiled by a German warrior which completed the fall of Rome.

9. The Middle Ages is the period of time in Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire and before the Renaissance. (It is in the “middle” of two golden ages)
500 B.C – 476 A.D The Roman Empire
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period
The Renaissance (Rebirth)
Begins around 1400

10. The Early Middle Ages (aka: The Dark Ages) were characterized by:

11. Split into many separate Germanic kingdoms

12. Increase in warfare (dangerous time; people don't feel safe)

13. Decline in trade

14. Decline in education

15. People live in small shacks in rural villages

16. The Church was a very powerful force in Europe during the Middle Ages.
Popes usually held both spiritual & political power
The church was at the center of each manor
People became devoted to God because their lives were so difficult

17. Complete “Fall of Rome (Document Analysis)”

18. Brainpop: Feudalism

19. FEUDALISM

20. Feudalism
A political & social system in which land is exchanged for loyalty and service
No social mobility! Your place in the feudal pyramid was determined by birth.

21. After the fall of Rome, Western Europe was a scary place!
Why Feudalism?
After the fall of Rome, Western Europe was a scary place!
There wasn’t a strong, central government to raise a large army, so there was no protection from invaders.
The Feudal system emerged as a means to create
Social/political order and stability in society
provide a system of protection

22. King Land (fief) Nobles Land Knights Peasants & Serfs
Loyalty & knights
Land
Loyalty & military service
Land & protection
Labor & food

23. Code of Chivalry To fear God and maintain His Church
To serve the liege lord in valor and faith
To protect the weak and defenseless
To give help to widows and orphans
To refrain from the wanton giving of offence
To live by honor and for glory
To despise pecuniary reward
To fight for the welfare of all
To obey those placed in authority
To guard the honor of fellow knights
To eschew unfairness, meanness and deceit
To keep faith
At all times to speak the truth
To persevere to the end in any enterprise begun
To respect the honor of women
Never to refuse a challenge from an equal
Never to turn the back upon a foe

24. The Medieval Economic System
Manorialism:
The Medieval Economic System
Manors:
A village and the land surrounding it

26. The manor was completely self sufficient meaning that everything that was needed was on the manor.
Very little reason to leave or travel beyond your manor.

27. The Manor System – The Medieval Economic System
The self sufficient manor contributed to the decline of learning. No new ideas were exchanged.
Technology was slow to progress.
Little use of money. Wealth based on land.

28. Complete: “The Church Power Grows” History Short

29. Spread of Islam & Golden Age of Islam

30. THE CRUSADES
Watch “Mankind: The Story of Us- Warriors” (36:30-46:03) :
Watch Brainpop’s “The Middle Ages”

31. THE CRUSADES

32. Big idea:
The Crusades were a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the holy land (Jerusalem)

33. The Holy Land
The Holy Land includes Jerusalem and surrounding areas in present day Israel and Palestine.
The Holy Land was important to:
Christians because Jesus was born there, lived and taught there, and was crucified there
Muslims because Muhammad (the final prophet of Islam) ascended into heaven there

34. Based on the map, between 1096-1204:
Who controlled most of the lands in Europe?
Who controlled most of the land in N. Africa and the Middle East?
Who controlled the holy land? (circle it on the map)

35. Background:
Christianity became vastly popular during the Middle Ages as people were increasingly concerned with the after-life.
The Muslim Arabs conquered Jerusalem around 638 BC
For almost 500 years, Christians, Jews, & Muslims peacefully coexisted
Because Jerusalem was a holy land, Christians came each year to visit (pilgrimage)

36. Causes of the Crusades:
In the early 1000’s however, Christian pilgrims increased so much, the Muslims no longer allowed them to visit. Also, many Muslims attacked the Christian pilgrims, and destroyed many of the Christian churches.
Additionally, the increase in Muslim power threatened the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople.

37. Calling all Christians
Pope Urban II called on all Christians to take back the holy land from the Muslims.
Feudal lords, knights & peasants agreed to fight because they wanted:
To have their sins forgiven***
To win land and wealth
To escape troubles at home
For adventure

38. The Crusades:
There were approximately eight crusades, but only the first four are well known.
For over 200 years, Christians and Muslims were engaged in almost constant warfare.
Although the Christians succeeded in capturing the holy land in the First Crusade, they were not able to maintain control.

39. (IF Turks Traveled they would Trade)
Effects of the Crusades:
(IF Turks Traveled they would Trade)
I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers
F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military.
T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
T = Travel – Europeans want to travel and learn more about the world
T = Trade – increased between Europe and the Middle East which leads to an increase in CULTURAL DIFFUSION

40. Watch “Mankind: The Story of All of Us: Episode 5: The Plague” (after section on Mongols)
Watch music video: “Black Death (Holla Back Girl) by historyteachers on YouTube

41. The Mongols

42. Important Ideas to Remember about the Mongols:
Genghis Khan united the Mongols and created the largest empire in history (across Europe and Asia)

43. After the Mongols conquered many lands, a time of peace and stability occurred (The Pax Mongolia)
As a result, trade increased between Europe and Asia on the Silk Road

44. Russians were cut off/ isolated from most of Western Europe as a result of the Mongol invasions
(notice on the map how Europe and Russia are separated from each other because of the Mongols)
Russian leaders adopted the idea of strong, centralized control of the empire

46. Watch video “History vs. Genghis Khan”
Watch “America the Story of All of Us: Episode 5” (first 11 minutes)

49. On your map, label:
Japan
N. Korea (NK)
S. Korea (SK)
Russia
Mongolia
China
Pacific Ocean

50. Japan is an Archipelago (Chain of many small Islands)

51. Japan is very mountainous (4/5ths of Japan is a mountain
Japan is very mountainous (4/5ths of Japan is a mountain!!!!) and has very little Arable Land- so it uses terrace farming
Mount Fuji

52. Japan gets a lot of its food from the sea
Japan gets a lot of its food from the sea. This is another way they adapted to their geography

53. Japan has very few natural resources
Iron ore
Coal

54. Japan has a very high Population Density (a lot of people in a small space)
Land mass
(sq. km)
California 423,967
Japan 377,915
Population:
California: 38,802,500
Japan: 127,103,388
Japan is a little smaller than California but has more than 3 times the population

56. In Japan, there are people employed as “pushers” who push people onto the train during rush hour so more people can fit) See a video here:

57. A capsule hotel is a type of hotel developed in Japan that features a large number of extremely small "rooms" (capsules) intended to provide cheap, basic overnight accommodation for guests who do not require the services offered by more conventional hotels. There are also “regular” hotels in Japan, but these are helpful to provide more cheap rooms for such a big population

58. Japan is a homogeneous Society (people all have the same genes, ethnicity and basic culture)
(America would be the opposite of a homogenous culture; we are very DIVERSE)

59. Island isolation encourages them to be ethnocentric

60. Japanese religion is a blending of Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism and Shintoism
Spirits in Nature

61. The Japanese have a true respect for nature

63. They practice Selective Borrowing which is when a country deliberately takes on only certain aspects of a culture (ideas mostly came from China and Korea)
Missionaries from China introduced Buddhism, Confucianism and writing
Japan sent people to China to study their government, art, science, literature, etc.
Ignored ideas like the civil service test which did not fit with their culture (in Japanese culture you inherited your position rather than having to earn it through a test)

64. Korea acts as a cultural “bridge” between China and Japan

65. Japanese Feudalism

66. (Farmers, Fishermen & Sales People)
Emperor (Figurehead)
Shogun
(Political leader)
Daimyo
(Nobles)
Samurai
(Warriors)
Peasants & Merchants
(Farmers, Fishermen & Sales People)
(90% of population)

67. Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa shoguns gained control of Japan in the 1600s
Tokugawa= the name of the warrior family that ruled Japan from
Shogun= the leader of Japan’s military (this job was hereditary/inherited)

68. Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries.
Excerpts from the Edict of 1635: Ordering the Closing of Japan (issued by the Tokugawa Shogunate to the officials at the port of Nagasaki, the site of most of Japan's foreign contacts at the time)
Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries.
No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ships involved must be impounded and its owner arrested and the matter must be reported to higher authority.
If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death.
If there is any place where the teaching of padres (Christianity) is practiced, then you must order a thorough investigation.
What is the overall goal of the Edict of 1635?
Which great global studies term would summarize the Japanese policy described above?
Why might this policy have been put in place?

69. From Millard Fillmore, President of the USA, to His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Japan
November 13, 1852
I have directed Commodore Perry to assure your imperial majesty that I entertain the kindest feelings towards your majesty's person and government and that I have no other object in sending him to Japan but to propose to your imperial majesty that the United States and Japan should live in friendship and have commercial intercourse with each other.
1. Why did the USA send Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan?
2. What was the end result of his trips to Japan?

70. From Commodore Perry to the Emperor of Japan July 14, 1853
If you are still to disagree we would then take up arms and inquire into the sin against the divine principles, and you would also make sure of your law and fight in defense. When one considers such an occasion, however, one will realize the victory will naturally be ours and you shall by no means overcome us. If in such a situation you seek for a reconciliation, you should put up the white flag that we
have recently presented to you, and we
would accordingly stop firing and
conclude peace with you, turning our
battleships aside.
2. How has the tone of Commodore’s Perry letter changed in comparison to letter sent by Fillmore in 1852?

71. 3. What was the end result of Perry’s visits to Japan?
(Watch 4:00-6:20 of the Commodore Perry video)
Answer: The Treaty of Kanagawa was signed which ended Japan’s isolation

72. Meiji Restoration: MODERNIZE & INDUSTRIALIZE
Emperor Meiji did not want Japan to be taken over by anyone
He sent government officials to Europe and the US to learn their Western ways
Modernization (Changes by Meiji)
Created a strong central govt with a constitution
Built factories & railroads; Improved ports
Abolished feudalism
Made all children go to school