1. Using Technology to See beyond the Visible

2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
There are many types of radiation coming from stars:
Radio waves
Infrared waves (heat)
UV waves
X rays
Gamma Rays
Light is only a SMALL portion of the entire spectrum.

3. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

4. The Electromagnetic spectrum

5. The Electromagnetic spectrum

6. Radio Telescopes

7. Radio Telescopes
These use radio waves which are long, weak and quite harmless – yet travel large distances!
Astronomers use these waves to map stars, galaxies, and nebulae from ours and other solar systems
Computers and electronics are used to map these signals one they are recorded

8. Many radio telescopes use a bowl- shaped reflector called a dish to collect radio waves from space.
The reflector focuses the waves onto an antenna that changes them into electric signals.
A radio receiver amplifies these signals and records their strength at different frequencies and from different directions.
The information is analyzed by a computer to draw a picture of the source of the radio waves or to analyze the chemicals found in the source.

9. Radio telescopes can work in any type of weather, they are not affected by pollution, clouds or the atmosphere
By focusing radio telescopes on areas that appear empty, astronomers have found information previously unknown
Neutral hydrogen – emits no light, but does emit energy; they mapped its distribution and found out we are in a spiral galaxy
Usually made from metal mesh, curved inwards and have a receiver in the middle
These waves are transformed to a electrical signal that gets read by a computer for interpretation

10. Radio Interferometry
Just like with reflecting telescopes- radio telescopes can be combined for a greater resolving power
An array (more than 1 telescope together) works to help bring accuracy and clarity to visions of the land beyond

11. Space Probes
Are unmanned satellites or remote controlled ”landers” that use equipment to explore places that are too dangerous for humans at this time!
These probes/landers take pictures of places as well as possibly samples of the surface of planets

12. SPACE PROBES – Use pg. 444 Name of Space Probe Date and Mission
Mariner
; Flyby of Mercury
Pioneer 11
; Flyby of Jupiter and Saturn
Viking
1976; Mars Landing
Voyagers 1 and 2
1977, Flyby of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
Venera
1982; Venus landing
Magellan
1994, Flyby of Venus
Galileo
1995; Flyby of Jupiter
Ulysses
1999; High latitude pass of Jupiter
Mars Global Explorer
2000; Orbiting of Mars
Mars Pathfinder
2000; Mars landing
Cassini
2004; Flyby of Saturn

13. SPACE EXPLORAtion Opportunity and Spirit Saturn
Collision of Probe with Comet!