1. Designing Questionnaire
Types of Questionnaire Questions

2. Types of Questionnaire Questions
Open-ended questions
Close-ended questions

3. Open- ended Questions Subjective questions.
Usually included at the end of the questionnaire that asks for feedback or suggestions for improvement from respondents.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using open-ended questions?

5. Advantages of Open-ended Questions
Give your respondents opportunity to express their opinions in a free-flowing manner.
The questions don’t have predetermined set of responses and the respondent is free to answer whatever he/she feels right.
You can get true , insightful and even unexpected suggestions.

6. Disadvantages of Open-ended Questions
Difficult to tabulate the data with different answers from the respondents.
Time-consuming for the respondents to answer.

7. e.g.: Unstructured : Why did you choose to study at UniMAP?
b) Word Association:
What is the first thing that comes to mind
when you hear the following:
Exam: _______ (nervous, challenging)
Lecture: ______ ( interesting, boring)
c) Sentence Completion:
When I first arrived at UniMAP, I feel...

8. Close-ended Questions
Objective Questions.
Respondents are restricted to choose among any of the given multiple choice answers.
ADVANTAGES:
Easy to analyze the data.
Ideal for calculating statistical data and percentages.
Quick to be answered by the respondents.

9. e.g.:

10. Types of Close-ended Questions
Importance Questions
Likert Questions
Dichotomous Questions
Semantic Differential Questions
Rating Scale Questions

11. 1. Importance Questions
To assess what is the MOST IMPORTANT to your respondent rating scale of 1 to 5.
Help you to understand what the respondents like BEST and LEAST about the program or service that you chose.
Measuring the level of importance will garner critical information that allow the service/ program to continue or to be modified.
E.g.:

12. 2. Likert Questions
Help you ascertain how strongly your respondents AGREE or DISAGREE to a series of statements.
Help you assess your respondents feels towards certain issue, product or service.

13. e.g.:

14. 3. Dichotomous Questions
Simple questions that have TWO possible responses. (Yes-No, True-False)
An effective tools if your want to screen the participants for a particular quality.
E.g.:

15. 4. Semantic Differential Questions
The semantic differential scale asks a person to rate a product, brand, or company based upon a seven-point rating scale that has two bi-polar adjectives at each end. The following is an example of a semantic differential scale question. Example: Would you say our web site is:
(7) Very Attractive
(6)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(1) Very Unattractive
Notice that unlike the rating scale, the semantic differential scale does not have a neutral or middle selection. A person must choose, to a certain extent, one or the other adjective.

16. 5. Rating Scale Questions
Respondents are asked to RATE a particular issue on a scale that ranges between POOR to GOOD.

17. PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS
Presuming or Leading Questions
e.g.:
Don’t you think that the bank should open at night for the convenience of clients?
Questions that use phrases like
“Wouldn’t you say that…” or “Don’t you agree that…”
* These phrases may also lead the respondents to prefer a certain choice given.

18. PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS
B. Questions which rely on memory. e.g.: “How many times did you SMS your friend last week?” “What were you doing on the night of 14th February last year?” * Questions which tax the respondent’s memory too much are likely to lead to inaccurate reply.

19. PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS
C. Questions requiring prior knowledge. e.g.: “Do you think UniMAP’s engineering clean room is the best in Malaysia?” * For someone who is at UniMAP for the first time, they will not know.

20. PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS
D. Long wordy question. - Questions that have many words. - If the questions are too long and detailed, the respondents may get lost and their responses will relate only the beginning or the end of the question.

21. PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS
E. Double-barrelled Questions
e.g.:
Please rate the lecture in terms of its content and
presentation.
Don’t ask for multiple information at a time.
Ask for only one piece of information at a time.
1. content
2. presentation

22. PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS
F. Hypothetical Questions Questions based on SPECULATION and FANTASY. e.g.: If you were the President of UniMAP Student’s Committee Council, what would be the changes that you would bring? If you were given a million dollar….

23. PROBLEMATIC QUESTIONS
G. Sensitive Questions
Personal details (e.g.: age); Health; Personal Habits; Income; etc.
People are likely to give honest replies to personal questions if some rapport has been developed with the interviewer.
It is generally best to keep all questions dealing with demographic (such as age) at the end of the questionnaire.

24. Designing Instruction
INTRODUCTION:
- At the beginning of the questionnaire:
Indicate WHO you are and WHY you are doing the survey. You should also have a letter to your lecturer or supervisor to authenticate this.
(If applicable) indicate how the respondents were selected.
Indicate how it is to be answered.
How to return the questionnaire (if not being delivered in person.

25. e.g.:
We are students of ____________and we are doing on a survey about________ in UniMAP. In order to complete our survey, we need your help and cooperation. We really appreciate your cooperation for taking part in this survey, so that we can gather information for our report. The questionnaire is consists of four sections. Please tick the appropriate answer for each section.

26. B. CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT.
All information given will be treated as confidential.
Whatever the content in this proposal is confidential and is only used in UVW 312’s assignment.
All of the information provided will be treated as completely confidential and it will not be possible for anyone to identify the information that you give us when we write up the project report.

27. C. QUESTIONS’ INSTRUCTION.
At the beginning of each part:
ensure that each section or question has clear instruction on how to respond/ answer.
Indicate the form of the answer expected.
e.g.:
-Please give your opinion/ answer for the statements by placing a tick (√) in the appropriate box.
- Circle the appropriate answer.

28. Question Order
Start with the easiest questions ( usually close-ended)

29. Pilot Study Purposes: To test how long it takes to complete.
To check that the questions are not ambiguous.
To check that the instructions are clear.
To allow you to eliminate questions that do not produce usable data.
Ideally it should be piloted on a group similar to the one that will form the population of your study.

30. Your questionnaire must include…
Title.
Introduction.
Include some pictures about the program or service. (max: 4 pictures)
Confidentiality statement.
Instructions.
Questionnaire questions.

31. Exercise What are open-ended questions?
How many types of open-ended questions do we have? 
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using open-ended questions in your survey?

32. d. What are close-ended questions?
e. How many types of close-ended questions do we have?
f. When we are constructing the questionnaire, there are several types of question that we must avoid? List THREE examples of problematic questions in the questionnaire.
g. Which of the following is NOT the reason to pilot a questionnaire?
i. To test on the duration needed to complete the survey.
ii. To interpret on the data collected.
iii. To make sure there are no ambiguous questions.
iv. To check on the clarity of the instructions.