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Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules History

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Presentation on theme: "Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules History"— Presentation transcript:

1 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules History
1895: W. C. Roentgen discovers X rays (Bragg, p. 1). 1912: Max von Laue discovers X-ray diffraction by crystals (Bragg, p. 7). 1913: W. L. Bragg reports the crystal structure of NaCl, providing the first experimental evidence for the absence of salt "molecules". (Bragg; Glusker p. 3). 1928: Kathleen Lonsdale reports the structure of benzene as having six equal sized bonds instead of alternating double and single bonds (Glusker, p. 3). 1935: J. M. Robertson et al. solve the structures of pthalocyanins, the first case of a complex organic molecule solved independently by crystallography (Bragg, p. 180). 1948: Bijvoet et al. solve strychnine, perhaps the first case in which crystallography decided between alternatives proposed by organic chemists (Bragg, p. 182). 1950: Bijvoet et al. establish the absloute configurations of dextro and laevo compounds with NaRb tartrate (Bragg, p. 188). : Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin et al. solved the structures of penicillin (1949) and vitamin B-12 (1957). She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in (Bragg, p. 189)

2 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Protein Expression

3 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Crystallization

4 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Handling Crystal

5 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Crystals

6 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Lattice planes

7 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Symmetry

8 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Symmetry

9 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Symmetry

10 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Scattering from two electrons

11 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Scattering from two electrons

12 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Scattering by an atom

13 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Scattering by an atom

14 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Scattering by an unit cell

15 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Scattering by a crystal

16 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Diffraction conditions

17 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Electron density

18 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Friedel/Bijvoet pairs

19 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Isomorphous replacement

20 Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules Isomorphous replacement


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