1. Biochemistry depends on it
Organic Chemistry
Biochemistry depends on it

2. Organic vs. Inorganic
Organic Compounds have both C and H in them. Examples: C6H12O6, CH4.
Inorganic compounds don’t have both C and H. Examples?

3. Organic Chemistry Major Groups: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
Nucleic Acids (covered in the genetics section of the course)

4. Carbohydrates Sugars and starches Used for energy in living things
Contain C,H,O
Ratio of H to O is ALWAYS 2:1
Carbo: Carbon, Hydrate: Water CH2O
Building blocks: monosaccharides

5. More Carbos Pneumonic device for remembering carbos:
“CHO CHO CHO, go carbo, sugars and starches we do know. H to O in a 2:1 ratio”

6. MONOSACCHARIDES The simplest carbos Called simple sugarsOH
The simplest carbos
Called simple sugars
Ex. Glucose, galactose, fructose
The formula for each: C6H12O6.
Notice the ring shape, like a lifesaver C H H C O H H C C O H OH H OH C C H OH

7. Dehydration Synthesis
A process where 2 molecules are joined and water is removed

8. Hydrolysis Hydro: Water Lysis: splitting with/of
Literally: splitting with water
A large molecule is split when a water molecule is put in.

9. Disaccharides: C12H22O11 OH OH

10. Some Common Disaccharides.
Some Common Disaccharides .
Disaccharide
Monomers
Comments
Maltose
Glucose+Glucose
Used in Beer Making
Lactose
Glucose+Galactose
Sugar in Milk
Sucrose
Glucose+Fructose
Table Sugar

11. Polysaccharides Complex carbohydrates Starch: Food storage in plants
Glycogen: Food storage in the livers of animals
Cellulose: Found in the cell walls of plants

12. ProteiNS Contain C,H,O,N, sometimes S Building blocks: Amino Acids
Important in muscle tissue, enzyme function, and much much more

13. AMINO ACID: H H
Amino Group
Carboxyl Group
Variable Group

14. Dipeptides
Two amino acids can be joined together by dehydration synthesis to form a dipeptide.
The bond holding this new molecule together is called a peptide bond

15. PEPTIDE BONDS

16. Chemical agents PROTEINS: The Molecular Tools of the Cell
Polypeptide Chains: Polymers (strings) of amino acids that are arranged in a specific linear sequence and are linked by peptide bonds
Protein: A large molecule which consists of one or more polypeptide chains folded and coiled into specific shapes.

17. .
MORE PROTEINS:
Vary extensively in structure: Every one has its own unique 3-D shape (conformation)
They are made of only different amino acid monomers 20

18. LIPIDS
Fats, Oils, Waxes
Energy Storage: 1 Gram of fat=2X energy of 1 Gram of Polysaccharide!!!
More compact energy storage
Cushions mammal’s organs
Insulates against heat loss
Part of the cell membrane

19. More Lipids Contain C,H,O H to O ratio of MORE than 2:1
Building blocks are 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

20. A LIPID H H H

21. BIG E FAT
Fatty Acid
Glycerol
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid