1. Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 2.3 Tissues
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function
Held together by membrane junctions (tight, desmosome, gap)
Four primary types of tissues:
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue

3. 1. Epithelial Tissues – General Info. (also called epithelium)
Functions of epithelial tissues:
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion

4. EPITHELIAL TISSUE

5. 1. Epithelial Tissues (Epithelium), cont.
Characteristics:
Made primarily of cells that fit close together
Always one free or apical surface
Lower surface is bound by a basement membrane

6. 1. Epithelial Tissues (Epithelium), cont.
Characteristics, continued:
Have no blood supply (avascular)
Easily regenerate (replaced with same cells)

7. 1. Epithelial Tissues (epithelium)
Found throughout the body:
Covering the body (skin epidermis)
Lining cavities (membranes)
Exocrine glands - Glands with ducts that open to the epithelial surface and do not produce hormones
Examples: sweat, salivary, and oil glands

8. 1. Epithelial Tissues (epithelium), cont.

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Classification of Epithelium
Number of cell layers:
Simple – one layer
Stratified – more than one layer
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Figure 3.16a

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Classification of Epithelium
Shape of cells:
Squamous – flattened
Cuboidal – cube-shaped
Columnar – column-like
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Figure 3.16b

11. Examples of EPITHELIAL TISSUES

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Simple Epithelium
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Simple squamous
Single layer of flat cells
Usually forms membranes
Lines body cavities
Lines lungs and capillaries
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Figure 3.17a

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Simple Epithelium
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Simple cuboidal
Single layer of cube-like cells
Common in glands and their ducts
Forms walls of kidney tubules
Covers the ovaries
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Figure 3.17b

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Simple Epithelium
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Simple columnar
Single layer of tall cells
Lines digestive tract
Includes goblet cells, which produce mucous
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Figure 3.17c

15. Simple Epithelium Pseudostratified
Single cell layer that looks like a double layer
Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
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Figure 3.17d

16. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

17. Connective Tissue – General Info.
Functions:
Binds body tissues together
Supports the body
Provides protection

18. Connective Tissue – Characteristics
Found everywhere in the body
Most abundant and widely distributed of tissues

19. Connective Tissue Characteristics
Two components of connective tissues:
Living portion: cells
Non-living portion: extracellular matrix (ECM)
Blood supply varies:
Some are well vascularized
Some have poor blood supply or are avascular

20. Connective Tissue – Major Classes
Connective Tissue Proper (loose and dense)
Cartilage
Bone (Osseous) Tissue
Blood

21. Examples of CONNECTIVE TISSUES

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Connective Tissue Proper (loose)
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Cells: reticular cells
Fibers: reticular
Forms stroma
Lymph nodes
Spleen, liver
Bone marrow
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Figure 3.18g

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Connective Tissue Proper (dense)
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Cells: fibroblasts
Fibers: collagen (and some elastin)
Examples:
Tendon – attach muscle to bone
Ligaments – attach bone to bone
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Figure 3.18d

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Connective Tissue - Cartilage
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ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Cells: chondrocytes
Fibers: elastin
Examples:
External ear
Epiglottis

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Connective Tissue - Osseous
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OSSEOUS TISSUE
Cells: osteocytes
Fibers: collagen
Hard matrix of calcium salts
Example:
Bone
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Figure 3.18a

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Connective Tissue - Blood
VASCULAR TISSUE
Cells: red and white blood cells
Fibers: fibrin (only visible clotting)
Fluid matrix
Example:
Blood
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Figure 3.18h

27. MUSCLE TISSUE

28. Muscle Tissue – General Information
Function - to produce movement
Three types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

29. Muscle Tissue Types SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
Cells:
Cylindrical shaped
Multi-nucleated
Striated
Found attached to bones and skin
Controlled voluntarily
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Figure 3.19b

30. Muscle Tissue Types CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE Cells: Branched cylinders
Uni-nucleated
Striated
Cells attached end-to-end at intercalated disks
Found only in heart
Controlled: Involuntary
Figure 3.19c

31. Muscle Tissue Types SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE Cells: Spindle-shaped
Uni-nucleated
No striations
Found: Surrounding hollow organs; blood vessels
Controlled: Involuntary
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Figure 3.19a

32. NERVOUS TISSUE

33. Nervous Tissue – General Information
Consists of two types of cells:
Neurons
Neuroglial cells (also called glial cells)
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Figure 3.20

34. Nervous Tissue 1. NEURONS Cell body with branches (processes)
Conduct electrical impulses
Found in brain, spinal cord and nerves
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Figure 3.20

35. Nervous Tissue 2. NEUROGLIAL CELLS Variety of shapes, sizes
Do not conduct electrical impulses
Support neurons
Found in all parts of nervous system
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Figure 3.20