2. ICAO POLICIES AND GUIDELINES RELATED TO INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
CHICAGO CONVENTION
GLOBAL POLICIES AND GUIDELINES
FANS
ANC-10
RIO DE JANEIRO CONFERENCE
CNS\ATM GLOBAL PLAN
REGIONAL CAR/SAM POLICY
RAAC-6
GREPECAS
CAR/SAM CNS/ATM REGIONAL PLAN
RLA/98/003
CONCLUSION

3. CHICAGO CONVENTION PREAMBLE
WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security;
WHEREAS it is desirable to avoid friction and to promote that cooperation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends;
THEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically;
Have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end.

4. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 1 Article 2 Sovereignty
The contracting States recognize that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory.
Article 2
Territory
For the purposes of this Convention the territory of a State shall be deemed to be the land areas and territorial waters adjacent thereto under the sovereignty, suzerainty, protection or mandate of such State.

5. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 28
Air navigation facilities and standard systems
Each contracting State undertakes, so far as it may find practicable, to:
Provide, in its territory, airports radio services, meteorological services and other air navigation facilities to facilitate international air navigation, in accordance with the standards and practices recommended or established from time to time, pursuant to this Convention;

6. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 28 .
Adopt and put into operation the appropriate standard systems of communications procedure, codes, markings, signals, lighting and other operational practices and rules which may be recommended or established from time to time, pursuant to this Convention; sistemas normalizados apropiados sobre procedimientos
Collaborate in international measures to secure the publication of aeronatucial maps and charts in accordance with standards which may be recommended or established from time to time, pursuant to this Convention.

7. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 37
Adoption of international standards and procedures
Each contracting State undertakes to collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, standards, procedures and organization in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which such uniformity will facilitate and improve air navigation.
To this end, the International Civil Aviation Organization shall adopt and amend from time to time, as may be necessary, international standards and recommended practices and procedures dealing with:

8. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 37
Communications systems and air navigation aids, including ground marking;
Characteristics or airports and landing areas;
Rules of the air and air traffic control practices;
Licensing of operating and mechanical personnel;
Airworthiness of aircraft;
Registration and identification of aircraft;
Collection and exchange of meteorological information;

9. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 37
h) Log books;
i) Aeronautical maps and charts;
j) Customs and immigration procedures;
k) Aircraft in distress and investigation of accidents;
and such other matters concerned with the safety, regularity, and efficiency of air navigation as may from time to time appear appropriate.

10. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 44 Objectives
The aims and objectives of the Organization are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to:
a) Insure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world;
b) Encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peacefuel purposes;
c) Encourage the development orf airways, airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation;

11. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 44
d) Meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport;
e) Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition;
f) Insure that the rights of contracting States are fully respected and that every contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines;
g) Avoid discrimination between contracting States;
h) Promote safety of flight in international air navigation;
i) Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.

12. CHICAGO CONVENTION Article 77 Joint operating organizations permitted
Nothing in this Convention shall prevent two or more contracting States from constituting joint air transport operating organizations or international operating agencies and from pooling their air services on any routes or in any regions, but such organizations or agencies and such pooled services shall be subject to all the provisions of this Convention, including those relating to the registration of agreements with the Council. The Council shall determine in what manner the provisions of this Convention relating to nationality of aircraft shall apply to aircraft operated by inernational operating agencies.

13. GLOBAL POLICY AND GUIDELINES
FANS l-1/2/3
ANC-10
FANS II-4
Río de Janeiro Conference
GLOBAL CNS/ATM PLAN

14. FANS I- 1/2/3 INITIATION 1983
STUDY, IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING THE USE OF STATELLITES, AND FORMULATE RECCOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF AIR NAVIGATION IN CIVIL AVIATION FOR A 25 YEAR PERIOD. DECIDED: THE ONLY VIABLE SOLUTION TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF THE ACTUAL SYSTEM AND EFFECTIVELY SATISFY FUTURE GLOBAL REQUIREMENTS IN COST TERMS, IS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY  CONCEPT FOR FANS SYSTEMS  POSSIBLE EVOLUTION SCENARIOS OF SYSTEM CNS ELEMENTS .  MATERIAL TO BE DISCUSSED IN THE TENTH ANC IN

15. 10th Air Navigation Conference September 1991
Support of States/International Organizations
ICAO’s role
Future ATM concept and its objectives
Emphasis in institutional aspects
Establishement of:
- Guidelines on Institutional/Legal aspects of future
Air Navigation Systems;
- Global basic requirements for SMAS
- Global basic requirements for ATM transition
- Global basic requirements for GNSS
- Global basic requirements for ADS
Emphasis in Human Factors aspects

16. FANS Phase II 4th Meeting Montreal, October 1993
GLOBAL AIR NAVIGATION PLAN FOR CNS/ATM SYSTEMS
Refining of:
- Guidelines on Institutional/Legal Aspects of CNS/ATM Systems;
- Global basic requirements for: SMAS, ATN, GNSS, ADS
Considerations on institutional, legal and economic aspects for the implementation of CNS/ATM Systems.

17. Global Conference on the Implementation of CNS/ATM Systems Rio de Janeiro, May 1998
Economic, financial, institutional and legal aspects
Main results:
National organic structures;
National, Regional and Sub-regional cooperative approaches;
Control, exploitation and property of the CNS/ATM System;
Management of the Global ATM System
- homogeneous areas
- main traffic flows

18. GLOBAL AIR NAVIGATION PLAN FOR CNS/ATM SYSTEMS
1996 Review of the Plan
“DOCUMENT IN FORCE”
Technical, operational, economic, financial, juridical and institutional elements;
Orientation document to regional and national planning;
Document for strategic global planning;
Institutional aspects included in the Guidelines;
Statement on ICAO General Policy for the
implementation and exploitation of CNS/ATM Systems Ap. A chp. 2
Guidelines for the Transition to ATM Global Systems Ap. F chp. 4
Guidelines for the Transition to Communications Systems Ap. B chp. 5 Guidelines for the Transition to Navigation Systems Ap. B chp. 6
Guidelines for the Transition to Surveillance Systems Ap. B chp. 7

19. REGIONAL GUIDELINES AND STRATEGIES
GREPECAS
CAR/SAM CNS/ATM REGIONAL PLAN
RAAC-6
CAR/SAM-2
RLA/98/003

20. GREPECAS CAR/SAM 2 - 1989 Rec. 14/6 CNS/ATM SG - 1992 Dec. 2/30
GT Institutional Aspects
CAR/SAM Regional Plan for the Implementation of CNS/ATM Systems – 1st version 1995
CNS/ATM IC SG Action Plan
CAR/SAM
GREPECAS
Conc. 10/5; 10/12, text related to the Regional Unification for ATFM

21. CAR/SAM Regional Plan for the Implementation of CNS/ATM Systems
Doc. I
Doc. II – Action Plan
Doc. 10/6 GREPECAS 10
Statement on ICAO General Policy for the implementation and exploitation of CNS/Atm Systems
Letter on Basic Principles for GNSS application
Chap. 12 – Organizational and International Cooperation Aspects

22. RAAC-6 August 1999
Discussion on institutional aspects at SAM Region Authorities level
CNS/ATM: different institutional arrangements
Evaluation of the economic/institutional/ politic implications
Conclusions 6/7, 6/8, 6/9

23. CAR/SAM Regional Air Navigation Plan
RAN CAR/SAM 3, Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 1999
Evolutionary incorporation of elements of the Global and Regional Plans for the Implementation of CNS/ATM Systems;
RANP Basic+FASID

24. CAR/SAM Regional Air Navigation Plan
Improve operational security levels;
Regularity of operations;
Efficiency in airspace use and airports’ operations;
Increment of schedule availability and flight profiles;
Minimize air transport different requirements;
ICAO General Statement for the implementation of CNS/ATM Systems.

25. Statement on ICAO General Policy for the implementation and exploitation of CNS/ATM Systems
UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY
SOVEREIGNTY, AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF CONTRACTING STATES
ICAO’s RESPONSIBILITY AND FUNCTION
TECHNICAL COOPERATION
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IMPLEMENTATTION

26. Statement on ICAO General Policy for the implementation and exploitation of CNS/ATM Systems
GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM
AIRSPACE ORGANIZATION AND USE
SERVICE CONTINUITY AND QUALITY
COSTS RECOVERY

27. RLA/98/003
Powerful tool of assistance to States and organizations involved;
Cost/benefit analysis for the implementation of CNS/ATM Systems
Institutional aspects study

28. CONCLUSION
THE GLOBAL NATURE OF CNS/ATM SYSTEMS REQUIRES INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE EXISTENT IN THE CAR/SAM REGIONS.
THE STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS SHOULD CONDUCT TO A DECISION PROCESS ON INSTITUTIONAL IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS.