1. Closing Task: I will complete and color my Protists foldable.
TEK 8C: compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including Protists
Objective: We will examine kingdom Protista and learn about the organisms in this kingdom.
Closing Task: I will complete and color my Protists foldable.
What are 2 reason why viruses are considered NON-LIVING?
Warm-up
There are NOT made of cells.
They NEED a host cell in order to reproduce.

2. Keywords/ Essential Questions
Endosymbiotic Theory
Characteristics of Protists
Plant-like protists
Fungus-like protists
Animal-like protists
Diseases

3. Prokaryote (Bacteria Cell)
Can Not See Nucleus
Much smaller than Eukaryote cells
No visible organelles
Contains DNA and RNA

4. How did prokaryotic cells evolve into eukaryotic cells?
The Endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a long time ago, prokaryotic cells engulfed other prokaryotic cells by endocytosis. This resulted in the first eukaryotic cells.
First proposed by Lynn Margulis
Explains the origin of eukaryotic cells
Explains the origin of certain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and choloroplasts

5. What exactly happened?

6. Evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory:
Similarities between mitochondria, chloroplasts, & prokaryotes:
Circular DNA
Ribosomes
Binary fission
This led to the first ever eukaryotes…PROTISTS!

7. If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the "little creatures" you see swimming around are protists.

8. Kingdom Protista Characteristics
All protists have a nucleus and are therefore eukaryotic.
Most are unicellular, but some are multicellular such as certain algae.
Can reproduce asexually through Mitosis and spores.
Can reproduce sexually through conjugation.
Protists are either:
plant-like
fungus-like
animal-like

9. Plant-like protists
Autotrophs – they contain chloroplasts and make their own food.
Photosynthetic Protists include phytoplankton, red and brown algae, euglenas, and dinoflagellates.

10. Protist 1: Euglena Found in water Has long tail called flagellum
Has “eyespot” to detect light (Stigma)
Green color from chloroplasts

11. Flagellum in ACTION!

12. Protist 2: Volvox and Algae
Green organelles called chloroplasts
Some live as colonies (Volvox)
Some deadly release toxin known as the Red Tide. If protists are stimulated they trigger a bioluminescent response.
Volvox (colony of algae cells)
Red Tide

13. Bioluminescent Red Tide!

14. Fungus-like protists Heterotrophs
Include: Slime Molds, Water Molds, and Down Mildews
Parasitize plants and are decomposers in freshwater ecosystems.
Fuzzy like a fungus

15. Animal-like protists Heterotrophs
Most are Protozoans are animal-like protists (heterotrophs) grouped according to how they move.
The word protozoa means "little animal." They are so named because many species behave like tiny animals—specifically, they hunt and gather other microbes as food.
Include Amoebas and Ciliates.

16. Protist 3: Ameoba Move with Pseudopodia (false feet)
Found in bottom in the sediment of most water systems
Engulfs food by surrounding it in food vacuoles
Causes diseases such as malaria, and dysentery and rare form eats brain of humans!
Pseudopodia
Nucleus

17. Pseudopodia in Action!

18. Protist 4: Paramecium
Covered in cilia to push food into gullet (primitive “stomach”)
Has anal pore to release waste.
Found in water, uses Contracting Vacuole to expel excess water.
Contracting Vacuole

19. Paramecium Lunch Date!

20. Diseases caused by Protists
Parasitic protists are responsible for some of the world’s most deadly diseases, including…
Intestinal disease that leads to diarrhea and digestive problems.
African sleeping disease caused by Trypanosoma that leads nerve damage and deep, fatal sleep.
Malaria caused by Plasmodium and spread through mosquito bites. 1 million people die each year from this disease.

21. Plasmodium Life Cycle