2. By the end of this topic, the student will be able to:
1-Identify the caloric contents of carbohydrates , Lipids and proteins
2- Correlate the Daily caloric needs with the physical activity of the person
3- Define obesity ,types, predisposing and risk factors.
4-Define body mass index and how to measure it.

3. It deals with all the processes involved in the intake and the utilization of the proper amounts of nutrients to maintain health

4. Nutrients are divided into
Macronutrients
Needed by the body in large quantities, measured in grams per day
They are energy rich foods
CHO Lipid Proteins
Micronutrients
Needed by body in very small quantities
( <1 gm per day)
Vitamin & Minerals

5. Energy content of food
The energy content of food is calculated from the
heat released from total combustion and oxidation of
of one gram of this substance in calorimeter.
It is expressed in kilocalories ( Cal or Kcal).
Calorie is the unit to measure energy content of
food

6. Caloric content of foods
Fat
Oxidation of 1 gm of fat
gives 9 Kcal
(9 Kcal/g)
Carbohydrate
Oxidation of 1 gm of CHO
gives 4 Kcal
(4 Kcal/g)
Protein
Oxidation of 1 gm of protein
gives 4 Kcal
(4 Kcal/g)

7. Moderately active adult requires
Daily caloric needs
Sedentary adult requires 30
Kcal/Kg/day
Moderately active adult requires
35 Kcal/Kg/day
Very active adult requires
40 Kcal/Kg/day
Walking (about 3½ miles per hour)
Running, (5 miles per hour)
Swimming

8. Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR):
A range of intake for a particular macronutrient (carbohydrates, fat, protein) that provides adequate amounts of essential nutrients and reduces risk of health problems.
AMDR For adults
45-65% of the total calories from CHO
20-35% of the total calories from Fat
10-35% of the total calories from Protein

9. Student activity

10. If you perform moderate
activity
1.Measure your weight
2. Estimate Your daily
caloric requirements

11. Obesity
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk for health.
Energy Intake is more than Energy Consumed

12. Assessment of obesity
Obesity is defined in terms of body mass index (BMI):
weight in kg
(height in m)2.
BMI less than 18.5 is underweight.
BMI = 18.5 – is considered normal.
BMI = 25 to is overweight.
BMI = 30 or greater than 30 is obese.

13. Types of Obesity

14. MAJOR FACTORS DRIVING OBESITY :
1- The Physical environment
High calorie soft drinks.
Bad eating behaviors.
Sedentary lifestyle.
TV, VIDEO GAMES, WWW
2- Genetic susceptibility
3- Endocrine disorders

15. Type II Diabetes Dyslipidaemia Hypertension Gall stones Arthritis
Atherosclerosis
Heart attack
Type II Diabetes
Dyslipidaemia
Hypertension
Sleep Apnea
Gall stones
Arthritis

16. Treatment of obesity: 1- Caloric restriction.
2- Increase physical activity.
3- Pharmacological treatment.
to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption
3- Gastric Balloon
to reduce stomach volume
4- Surgical treatment.
may be performed to reduce stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to feel full earlier and a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.

17. Student activity

18. Measure Your Body Mass Index & comment on your results

19. Measure your body weight

20. Measure your height

22. Student Activity

23. Case A 70 Kg, moderately active man takes, 275 g CHO, 75 g protein & 65 g lipid
Estimate the following:
A. Total caloric intake
B. Normal daily caloric requirements
c. Acceptable macronutrient distribution range
d. This person:
1. is losing weight
2. is gaining weight
3. No weight change

24. Answer
a. Total caloric intake: 275X4 CHO + 75X4 prot + 65X9 Fat = 1985 Kcal/day
b. Normal daily caloric requirements: 35X70 = 2450 Kcal/day
c. Acceptable macronutrient distribution range
CHO: 1100/1985 = 55%
Fat: 585/ = 30%
Protein: 300/1985 = 15%
d. This subject is losing weight