1. CIVE 4311 Design Hazards need to be anticipated.
Failure is part of engineering.
If doing innovative work, failure is expected.
Studying failure produces knowledge for better work in the future.

2. CIVE 4311 Design
Hazards
Hazards are things that can be anticipated and then measures implemented to reduce the hazard.

3. CIVE 4311 Design Hazard Examples: Entrapment
Contact (thermal, electrical, chemical)
Impact
Ejection
Entanglement
Noise, vibration

4. CIVE 4311 Design Hazard Mitigation: Review existing standards
Identify known hazards
Identify unknown hazards
“booby traps”
Determine characteristics
Eliminate or minimize hazards
Training
Protective Equipment
Automated operation

5. CIVE 4311 Design Identify Hazards Fault tree diagrams
Failure mode and effect analysis
Fish bone diagrams
Statistical methods
Severity-Frequency-Peril
Dose-response

6. CIVE 4311 Design Mitigate Hazards Reduce exposure protective barriers
limited access
Redundancy
Warnings (visual, audible)
SIGNAL WORD
NATURE OF HAZARD
POSSIBLE DAMAGE
INSTRUCTIONS

7. CIVE 4311 Design Warnings (Example) DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE CAN KILL
STAY AWAY

8. CIVE 4311 Design Failure Expect the unexpected
Respond to warning signals
Focus on local and global aspects of design

9. CIVE 4311 Design
Failure
Engineering designs fail when they do not perform their intended function.
Failure may be temporary or permanent.
Failure may result in consequences ranging from trivial to lethal.
Should be avoided if possible.
All human-made things will eventually wear out, in the context of engineering failure we mean “unexpected failure”

10. CIVE 4311 Design
All human-made things will eventually wear out, in the context of engineering failure we mean “unexpected failure”
Design life; how long will the engineered system perform.
Duty life/cycle; how long we will allow the system to remain in service.
Aircraft are good example, they are made of alloys that have a finite lifetime under cyclic loading and will break if left in service too long.

11. CIVE 4311 Design Failure Levels Physical flaws Errors in Process
Errors in Perspective/Attitude

12. CIVE 4311 Design Failure Levels Physical flaws Overloading Fatigue
Corrosion
Insulation deterioration over time (electrical faults).
Material choices
Inspections

13. CIVE 4311 Design Failure Levels Errors in process Omission
Forgot to do something necessary
Forgot to make control systems make sense to actual operators.
Commission
Do something unnecessary of out of sequence.
Do something wrong (that should not be done).
Training
Simulations
Testing
Inspections

14. CIVE 4311 Design Failure Levels Errors in attitude/perspective
Arrogance
Indifference
Selfishness (individual and corporate)
Poor communication
Misunderstanding of different cultures
Choose excellent people!
Self-select away from project if they are not committed
Education
Ethics
Need to apply all communication avenues.

15. CIVE 4311 Design Failure Levels Physical flaws
Diligence and attention to detail (engineering)
Errors in process
Errors in attitude
Character (non-engineering)