1. India-Based Neutrino Observatory (INO)
ICAL
( conceptual)
INO Peak at
Bodi West Hills
Naba K Mondal,
TIFR, Mumbai
For INO collaboration
ISOUPS 2013
25th May, 2013
Asilomar, California, USA
RPC Test stand at TIFR
2mX2m RPC Test Stand at TIFR
Prototype ICAL at VECC
ASIC for RPC designed at BARC

2. INO Collaboration
Ahmedabad: Physical Research Laboratory Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University Allahabad: HRI Calicut : University of Calicut Chandigarh: Panjab University Chennai : IITM, IMSc Delhi : Delhi University Guwahati : Indian Institute of Technology Hawaii (USA) : University of Hawaii
Indore: Indian Institute of Technology Jammu : University of Jammu Kalpakkam : IGCAR Kolkata : SINP, CU, VECC Lucknow : Lucknow University Madurai : American College Mumbai : BARC, IITB, TIFR Mysore : University of Mysore Srinagar : University of Kashmir Varanasi : Banaras Hindu University

3. INO : Salient Features
Underground laboratory with ~1 km all-round rock cover accessed through a 1.9 km long tunnel. A large and several smaller caverns to facilitate many experimental programs.
Frontline neutrino issues e.g., mass parameters and other properties, will be explored in a manner complementary to ongoing efforts worldwide.
The ICAL detector, with its charge identification ability, will be able to address questions about the neutrino mixing parameter space – specially the issue of neutrino mass hierarchy.
Will support several other experiments when operational. Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay and Dark Matter Search experiments foreseen in the immediate future.
Welcome International participation.

4. INO Project components
Construction of an underground laboratory and surface facilities near Pottipuram village in Theni district of Tamil Nadu.
Construction of the massive 50 kton magnetised Iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector to study properties of neutrinos.
Construction of the INO centre- The Inter-Institutional Centre for High Energy Physics (IICHEP) at Madurai.
Human Resource Development ( INO Graduate Training Program)
Detector R & D

5. INO: the physics

6. Neutrino Masses and Mixing: Three Generations
parameter
Best fit value
1 sigma error
Sin2q12 (10-1)
3.07
Sin2q23 (10-1)
3.86 ( NH), 3.92 (IH)
(NH), (IH)
Sin2q13 (10-2)
2.41 (NH), 2.44 (IH)
(NH), (IH)
Dm221 (10-5) eV
7.54
ǀDm231ǀ (10-3) eV
2.43 (NH), 2.42 (IH)
(NH), (IH) 6

7. ICAL: The physics goals
Accurate determination of the atmospheric parameters  (q23  octant, deviation of q23  from maximality)
Determination of neutrino mass hierarchy  (large q13  is  good  news !)
Nonstandard interactions,  CPT violation,  long range  forces,  ultrahigh ­energy muon fluxes, ...
Far detector for a future neutrino factory

8. INO: the location

9. Madurai –the nearest major city
INO site is located 115 km west of the temple city
Madurai in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu close to
the border the between Tamil Nadu & Kerala.
Madurai has an international airport.

10. INO site : Bodi West Hills
Contact us:
90 58’ N, ’ E
Pottipuram Village
Theni District
Tamil Nadu State

11. Underground Laboratory Layout
The cavern-I is set under 1589 m peak with vertical rock cover of 1289 m.
Accessible through a 1.9 km long tunnel
Cavern -1 will host 50 kt ICAL detector. Space available for additional 50 kt.
Cavern-2 & 3 available for other experiments ( NDBD, Dark Matter ….).

12. Site for Inter-Institutional Centre for High Energy Physics (ICHEP)
To be located on a 13 Ha land very close to the Madurai Kamraj University in the city of Madurai.
Will act as the nodal centre for all INO activities.
Will have a major detector development laboratory.
INO Graduate Training program will move to IICHEP when ready.
MKU
ICHEP

13. Updates on site fronts
Environmental and Forest Clearance for the site obtained.
26 hectars of land provided free by Tamil Nadu state  government for setting up surface facilities near portal location.
13 hectars of land acquired at Madurai for ICHEP.
Tamil Nadu Govt. agencies will start laying water pipeline and approach road construction soon. Funds for both transferred to Tamil Nadu Govt. agencies.
Fencing work at both sites will start soon. Preparation for master plan for Madurai site has started. Tender documents for the master plan and structural design for the underground lab and surface facilities at Pottipuram is under preparation
Waiting for the full project approval from Govt. of India.

14. INO-ICAL : The detector

15. INO-ICAL Detector

16. ICAL factsheet No of modules 3 Module dimension 16 m X 16 m X 14.4m
Detector dimension
48.4 m X 16 m X 14.4m
No of layers
150
Iron plate thickness
5.6cm
Gap for RPC trays
4 cm
Magnetic field
1.4 Tesla
RPC unit dimension
195 cm x 184 cm x 2.4 cm
Readout strip width
3 cm
No. of RPCs/Road/Layer 8
No. of Roads/Layer/Module
No. of RPC units/Layer
192
Total no of RPC units
28800
No of Electronic channels
3.7 X 106

17. Construction of RPC Two 2 mm thick float Glass
Separated by 2 mm spacer
2 mm thick spacer
Pickup strips
Glass plates
Resistive coating on the outer surfaces of glass

18. Construction of the ICAL detector18

19. A journey through RPC road
200 cm x 200 cm
10 cm x 30 cm
100 cm x 100 cm
30 cm x 30 cm

20. Early results on RPC efficiencies and time resolution
Efficiency
Time resolution 20

21. Fabrication of 1m x 1m RPCs21

22. Prototype RPC Stack at TIFR tracking Muons
Charge spectrum
Analog signal
due to muon
Time resolution

23. cosmic ray tracks in the RPC stand
Demonstrate the
Tracking Capability
of the RPC system

24. Making of 2m x 2m RPCs

25. 2m x 2m glass RPC test stand

26. Prototype Magnet with RPC layers

27. Miniaturization of front end electronics
RPC Module
Hybrid Preamplifier
(What we have now)
RPC Module
ASIC
(Where we want to go) 27

28. ICAL Front End Electronics ASIC development
Front end 8 in one Apmlifier-discriminator ASIC developed by BARC
A TDC ASIC developed for
INO project by IIT, Chennai

29. ICAL Trigger Scheme NIM, 678, 105 (2012) & NIM, 694, 126 (2012)
Trigger criteria based on event topology alone.
Distributed and hierarchical architecture.
Detector module segmented to generate local trigger.
Combination of local triggers produces global trigger.
Global trigger latches event data.
NIM, 678, 105 (2012) & NIM, 694, 126 (2012)

30. Status of detector development
RPC development for ICAL:
R&D almost complete.
Full size RPCs (2m X 2m) are being fabricated not just in the INO labs but also by the industry.
Methods, machinery and production optimisation for large scale production of RPCs are being developed with the help of industry.
Electronics for ICAL:
Design and prototyping of electronics, trigger and data acquisition systems progressing well.
Second batch of ASIC front end designed by the INO electronics team & fabricated by Euro Practice IC Services being tested in the RPC lab
TDC ASIC developed at IIT Madras.
Magnet for ICAL:
Prototype magnet running at VECC, Kolkata.
An (8m x 8m x 20 layer) engineering module (800 ton) will be constructed by 2014

31. INO: Simulations

32. Simulation Framework Neutrino Event Generation NUANCE Event Simulation
νa+ X -> A + B + ...
Generates particles that result from a random interaction of a neutrino with matter using theoretical models .
Output:
i) Reaction Channel
ii) Vertex Information
Iii) Energy & Momentum of all Particles
NUANCE
Output:
i) x,y,z,t of the particles at their interaction point in detector
ii) Energy deposited
iii) Momentum information
Event Simulation
A + B through RPCs + Mag.Field
Simulate propagation of particles through the detector (RPCs + Magnetic Field)
GEANT
Event Digitisation
(x,y,z,t) of A + B noise + detector efficiency
Add detector efficiency and noise to the hits
Output:
i) Digitised output of the previous stage (simulation)
Event Reconstruction
(E,p) of ν + X = (E,p) of A + B + ...
Fit the tracks of A + B to get their energy and
momentum.
Output:
i) Energy & Momentum of the
initial neutrino

33. Detector Performances: Muon efficiencies

34. Detector performances: muon resolutions

35. Atmospheric Parameters with INO ICAL
Thakore et al, INO collaboration, Paper under internal review

36. Octant sensitivity
Thakore et al, INO collaboration, arXiv:

37. Mass hierarchy with INO-ICAL
Mass hierarchy sensitivity with INO-ICAL data only using fixed
Parameters - Sin2 2q13 = 0.12, 0.1, and sin2q23 = 0.5.
A. Ghosh et. al. INO collaboration, JHEP, April 2013, 2013:9

38. Mass hierarchy with INO-ICAL combined with accelerator & reactor experiments
A combined analysis of all experiments including
as well NOnA, T2K, Double Chooz, RENO and Daya Bay experiments

39. Impact of dCP on mass hierarchy
Sin2q23=0.5
Sin22q13=0.1
Fully marginalised

40. Human Resource development & Training
INO Training School:
We have already started INO graduate training program from August 2008.
Affiliated to HBNI.
At present INO students are being trained for one year at TIFR, Mumbai in both experimental techniques and theory.
Being attached to Ph.D. guides at various collaborating institutions for a Ph. D. degree after completion of coursework
Many Short/long term visits to RPC labs ( Mumbai & Kolkata) of students and faculties from Universities in last several years.
2009
2008 40

41. Thank You for your attention