1. Geographical Information Systems
Pavel Hrubeš

2. Department of Transport Telematics
Actuality
Lecture’s presentation
Tutorial files
Scientist papers for presentations
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

3. Department of Transport Telematics
People around GIS
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

4. Department of Transport Telematics
GIS what it can do
Any GIS should be capable of six fundamental operations
Data Capturing
Data Storage
Data Query
Data Analysis & Modeling
Data Display
Data Outputting/ Printing
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

5. Department of Transport Telematics
GIS components
GIS users
Data sources
Workstations
Applications
Visualisation
Modeling
Capturing
Storage
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

6. Department of Transport Telematics
How it works
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

7. Analog Map Vs Digital Map
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

8. Department of Transport Telematics
Data Capturing
A GIS must provide a methods for entering geographics (coordinate) and tabular (attribute ) data.
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

9. Department of Transport Telematics
Data Storage
There are two basic models of data storage – vector and raster. A GIS should be able to store both types.
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

10. Department of Transport Telematics
Data Query
A GIS must provide tools for finding specific features based on their location or attributes.
Queries, which are often created as logical statements , are used to select features on the map and their records in the database.
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

11. Department of Transport Telematics
Analyzing data
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

12. Department of Transport Telematics
Proximity analysis
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

13. Department of Transport Telematics
Overlay analysis
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
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14. Department of Transport Telematics
Data Display
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

15. Department of Transport Telematics
Outputting Data
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

16. GIS is not just pictures
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

17. GIS & Related Mapping Technologies
A "true GIS" also includes the following characteristics:
a. A database management system (DBMS)
b. Analysis capability
c. Spatial geo-referencing
d. Graphics output
Related mapping software may have some but not all of these fields:
CAD: Computer Assisting Drawing, e.g. AutoCad, Microstation c, d
GDS: Graphic Design System, e.g. CorelDraw, Illustrator d
DBMS: Database Management System, e.g. Oracle, Sybase a
DIPS: Digital Image Processing System, e.g. PCI, Erdas b, c, d
GPS: Global Positioning Systems, e.g. Garmin, Trimble c
Each of these perform better than a GIS at their specialty, but only a GIS
has all four components: e.g. mapping software is better for map
production, image processing for working with satellite image data.
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

18. Department of Transport Telematics
Data Vs Informations
Knowledge
Real world
Data
Word or number
Information
Class or type
Data +
Information
interpretation and
generalization
Data
Physical representation
Information
Meaning importing for solution of issues
Knowledge
Ability to use for solution
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

19. Modeling of real world phenomena
World is infinitely complex
To solve our issues we need a simple and reduced description
What could be in model?
Digital version of real objects ( houses, roads, forest)
Digital version of virtual objects ( country borders ,section lines)
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

20. Representation in computer
Computer is well developed to maintain discrete data but not continuous data
Some objects are discrete (houses, borders) – no problem
Some phenomena are continuous (temperature, elevation above sea-level) There is necessary to have the rules, how to sample data.
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

21. Transformation to model
Sometimes there is very difficult
Forest
Non forest
reality
GIS representation
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

22. Department of Transport Telematics
Modeling of real world
Selection of objects or phenomena
Identification of objects
Definition of way of representation
Transformation rules
GIS data model
Recording of data into database
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

23. Department of Transport Telematics
GIS representations
Point
Line
Polygon
Rastr
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

24. Department of Transport Telematics
Creating object model
Coordinate
Geometry
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

25. Creating Attribute data
Metainformation
Values
Name: Bill Shop
Address: 5 Market Place
City: Kingston
Owner: Ms J Shore
Phone :
Area: sq m
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

26. How to record geographic data?
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics

27. Physical representation<
Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences
Department of Transport Telematics